Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction

Abstract

Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase‐1) is an endo‐β‐glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase‐2 (HPSE‐2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro‐ and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.

Вплив Антикоагулянтів Прямої Дії На Процеси Метастазування

“…Пошук інгібіторів гепаранази як протипухлинних засобів призвів до розробки чотирьох речовин: мупар фостату (PI88), піксатимоду (PG545), ронепарстату (SST0001) і некупара нібу (M402), які пройшли клінічні випробування [62,63]. Незважаючи на вражаючі ефекти в різних доклі нічних моделях, клінічні дані вияви лися менш переконливими, а розроб лення деяких з цих сполук припине но або призупинено [62].…”

A Synopsis of Hepatitis C Virus Treatments and Future Perspectives

“…Recently, it has been shown that heparanse-1 is upregulated by HCV infection and favours its replication [177]. Heparanase-1 has been involved in tumour growth [178], and it may be related to hepatocarcinoma-induced HCV infection. Further studies are required in this area.…”