Potential Social and Neurocognitive Benefits of Aerobic Exercise as Adjunct Treatment for Patients With ADHD

Klil-Drori, Sivan; Hechtman, Lily

doi:10.1177/1087054716652617

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Consequently, this necessitates that children with ADHD constantly engage their cognitive resources during the RSE to ensure the coordination of upper and lower limbs with the rope. Analyzing the mechanism of impact, RSE can improve WM by promoting neurotransmitters, such as catecholamines ( 23 ), which are similar to the mechanism of action of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD ( 42 ). It also enhances the secretion of dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and increases cerebral blood flow ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rope skipping exercise on working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Huang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionChildren with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in working memory (WM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), both of which are closely associated with the core symptoms of ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rope skipping exercise (RSE) on the WM and CRF of children with ADHD, to provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization of exercise intervention programs tailored to children with ADHD.MethodsThis study recruited 55 children (age range 6–12 years) and randomly assigned them into three groups: the ADHD with RSE (AWRSE, n=22, mean age: 10.18 ± 1.10 years), the ADHD with sports game (SG) (AWSG, n=16, mean age: 9.38 ± 0.96 years), and the typically developing (TD) control group (CG, n=17, mean age: 8.94 ± 0.56 years). The AWRSE underwent a RSE intervention, while the other two groups participated in SG. The exercise intervention lasted for 8 weeks, with sessions held twice a week for 60 minutes each, at a moderate-to-vigorous-intensity (64–95% HRmax). All children in each group underwent pre-test and post-test, including height, weight, BMI, n-back, and 20mSRT. One-way analysis of variance (Ony-way ANOVA) and paired sample t-test were used to analyze inter- and intra-group differences respectively.ResultsBefore the intervention, children with ADHD exhibited a significantly lower VO2max compared to the TD children (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other indicators between the groups (p>0.05). After the intervention, no significant inter-group differences were found across all indices for the three groups of children (p > 0.05). The AWRSE had significant improvements in the accuracy of 1-back task, Pacer (laps), and VO2max (p<0.05), with the level of CRF approaching that of TD children. A significant decrease in response time for the 1-back task was observed in the CG.ConclusionAn 8-week RSE intervention is an effective therapeutic approach for children with ADHD, significantly enhancing their WM and CRF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rope skipping exercise on working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Huang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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“…The medication treatment should be completed by non-pharmacological therapy. Authors also point out the necessity of conducting controlled clinical trials in adults and children (32).…”

Section: Physical Activity and Adhd Symptoms In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of physical activity on reducing ADHD symptoms – a systematic review

Kotulska,

Jędrzejewska,

Lichman

et al. 2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disease affecting children and adults. Quality of life of patients suffering from ADHD is often significantly reduced. The most common treatment includes medication and psychotherapy. Although the treatment is often efficient there is still a necessity of exploring other types of therapy due to the material reasons and side effects of the medications. The aim of the study was to asses the state of the knowledge about the influence of physical activity on the occurrence of symptoms in patients suffering from ADHD. State of knowledge The most common ADHD therapy is based on pharmacological agents. Mechanism of action of the drugs is often based on the inhibition of the reuptake of noradrenaline and dopamine. It leads to the enhancement in their transmission and causes the alleviation in ADHD symptoms. Many studies indicate that physical activity increases the level of catecholamines as well. The effects of physical activity on ADHD symptoms could be similar to those invoked by stimulants then. In comparison to drug therapy, physical activity is devoid of side effects and less expensive. Methods and materials We conducted a literature review in march 2023 using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We used the terms “Physical activity in ADHD treatment”, “ ADHD in adults”, “ ADHD in children”, “ADHD symptoms”, “ADHD treatment”. Summary According to many studies physical activity seems to be efficient in reducing ADHD symptoms. The benefits are more reliable in children due to the bigger amount of conducted studies. Further clinical, randomized trials especially in a group of adults are needed to access the efficiency of physical activity as a ADHD treatment.

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“…Aerobic exercises, structured physical exercise and various other forms of physical activities have been identified as effective strategies for alleviating ADHD symptoms and enhancing neuropsychological parameters (Kamp et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2022Sun et al, , 2024Zhu et al, 2023). Furthermore, engaging in physical exercise has been shown to augment the response to pharmacotherapy (Klil-Drori & Hechtman, 2016). Conversely, regular physical activity supports cognitive function improvement by facilitating brain plasticity, enhancing oxygenation and blood circulation, elevating neurotransmitter levels (such as serotonin and norepinephrine) and bolstering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels within the neurological system (Kramer et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2015;Leckie et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smith et al (2013) reported that aerobic exercise training is associated with improved attention and processing speed, executive functions and memory in children with ADHD. Moreover, exercise was shown as beneficial for social behaviour, anxiety, and motor skills in these children (Klil-Drori & Hechtman, 2016). However, these studies investigated non-specific exercise programmes for children with ADHD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many different types of exercise interventions were employed for children with ADHD, and it is emphasized that a structured and specialized protocol can lead to better results in the management of ADHD (Kamp et al, 2014;Klil-Drori & Hechtman, 2016;Sun et al, 2022;Sun et al, 2024). However, many studies have usually examined the effects of non-specific exercise programmes or shortterm effects of the exercise.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive training enhances the outcomes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary study

Buker,

Karagoz,

Sengul

et al. 2024

Child

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations including inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate the effects of neurocognitive training (NT), a personalized and specialized exercise programme on symptoms, attention and dynamic balance in treatment‐naïve children diagnosed with ADHD.MethodsFourteen treatment‐naïve children aged 7–12 years diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in the intervention group. The NT intervention was administered weekly for 10 consecutive weeks, supplemented by a structured home exercise programme for 6 days a week over the same 10‐week period. ADHD‐related symptoms, attention and dynamic balance were assessed in pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months, and 12 months. Fifteen typically developing (TD) children, matched for age, underwent evaluation only once to establish baseline normative values.ResultsFollowing the NT (post‐treatment), significant improvements were observed in hyperactivity‐impulsivity scores, oppositional‐defiant behaviours and dynamic balance when compared to the TD children (p < 0.05). In the ADHD group, a significant difference was found in the long term (12‐month follow‐up) in hyperactivity–impulsivity, oppositional‐defiant behaviours and dynamic balance (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings suggest that the NT yields favourable effects on hyperactivity–impulsivity, oppositional defiant behaviours and dynamic balance in children diagnosed with ADHD, with these improvements appearing to be sustained over the long term.Clinical trial registration number: NCT04707040.

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Potential Social and Neurocognitive Benefits of Aerobic Exercise as Adjunct Treatment for Patients With ADHD

Abstract: Aerobic exercise may be a useful non-medication adjunct therapy for ADHD. The clinical effectiveness of aerobic exercise for ADHD in children and adults warrants further clinical studies.

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of rope skipping exercise on working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Effects of rope skipping exercise on working memory and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The influence of physical activity on reducing ADHD symptoms – a systematic review

Neurocognitive training enhances the outcomes of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary study

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