Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review

Goel, Dev B; Zilate, Sarju

doi:10.7759/cureus.30214

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Findings from studies suggest that psilocybin may be effective in producing fast-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder [ 8 ]. Moreover, psilocybin treatment under psychologically supported conditions has been shown to significantly relieve severe mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression) in individuals with deadly cancers [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Medical Students’ Perceptions of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Use in Medical Practice

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Nava³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundPsilocybin use, along with other psychedelics, has seen an increased interest among professionals in the medical community due to its potential therapeutic benefits for psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders (SUD), and palliative care. While it is certain that more research is necessary as psychedelicassisted therapy becomes more prevalent, it will most likely be future physicians at the forefront of this neoteric care. Currently, physicians receive minimal training because of psilocybin's contextual information and its current enlistment as a Schedule 1 drug per the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. Schedule 1 drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. As a rule, formal education on psilocybin is not included in medical school curricula, and very little is known about how medical students perceive it. The aim of this study was thus to assess current medical students' perceptions of their knowledge, concern for possible negative effects, and perceptions about medical psilocybin to provide a deeper understanding of which factors may predict their overall perceptions of its future therapeutic use. MethodsMedical students' knowledge, concern for potential adverse effects, and perceptions of medical psilocybin were investigated using a cross-sectional survey study design. Data were collected in January 2023 from a convenience sample of United States medical students in years one to four of their program using a 41-item anonymous quantitative online survey. Multivariate linear regression modeling was performed to determine if perceived knowledge and beliefs about legalization would predict medical students' attitudes about psilocybin use for therapeutic purposes. ResultsTwo hundred and thirteen medical students completed the survey. Seventy-three percent (n=155) were osteopathic medical students (OMS), and 27% (n=58) were allopathic medical students (MDS). Regression modeling produced a statistically significant equation: (F(3, 13) = 78.858, p < .001), with an R 2 = 0.573 (adjusted R 2 = 0.567), indicating that greater (perceived) knowledge about medical psilocybin, less concern for its possible adverse effects, and greater belief in the legalization of psilocybin for recreational use significantly contributed to positive perceptions of psilocybin use in medical practice. ConclusionsIn this sample, medical students with greater self-assessment of their knowledge about medical psilocybin, less concern for its potential adverse effects, and more positive views about recreational psilocybin legalization predicted positive attitudes about its medical use. Interestingly, although some participants had positive perceptions about the legalization of psilocybin for medical use, endorsing its legalization for recreation was related to greater positive attitudes toward medical psilocybin in general, a finding that appears to be somewhat counterintuitive. More research is warranted to further explore medical trainees' ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Medical Students’ Perceptions of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Use in Medical Practice

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Nava³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Doses were grouped into low (1-3 mg), moderate (10-20 mg), and high (20-30 mg) categories. These dosing ranges were based on previous clinical data . All studies were evaluated for adverse effects of psilocybin in the treatment of depression and anxiety in study participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dosing ranges were based on previous clinical data. 10 , 11 All studies were evaluated for adverse effects of psilocybin in the treatment of depression and anxiety in study participants. When selecting adverse event profile rates, the shortest time period available was selected and analyzed (eg, day 1 instead of day 30) since the half-life of psilocin is 3 ± 1.1 hours when taken orally and the duration of action can range between 3 to 12 hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin

Yerubandi,

Thomas,

Bhuiya

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePsilocybin has been studied in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies have mainly focused on efficacy, with systematic reviews showing favorable efficacy; however, none have primarily focused on psilocybin safety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the acute adverse effects of psilocybin at therapeutic doses in the treatment of depression and anxiety.Data SourcesMEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for publications available between 1966 and November 30, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized, double-blind clinical trials that reported adverse effects of psilocybin in patients treated for depression and anxiety were screened.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were independently extracted by 2 authors and verified by 2 additional authors following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. The inverse variance method with the Hartung-Knapp adjustment for the random-effects model was used, with a continuity correction of 0.5 for studies with 0 cell frequencies. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially removing 1 study at a time to assess the robustness of the results.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was considered as the adverse effects of psilocybin at high and moderate (ie, therapeutic) dose regimens and compared with placebo, low-dose psilocybin, or other comparator in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety.ResultsSix studies met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 528 participants (approximately 51% female; median age 39.8 years; IQR, 39.8-41.2). Seven adverse effects were reported in multiple studies and included in the analysis. Among these, headache (relative risk [RR], 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.74), nausea (RR, 8.85; 95% CI, 5.68-13.79), anxiety (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11-4.64), dizziness (RR, 5.81; 95% CI, 1.02-33.03), and elevated blood pressure (RR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.15- 4.53) were statistically significant. Psilocybin use was not associated with risk of paranoia and transient thought disorder.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis, the acute adverse effect profile of therapeutic single-dose psilocybin appeared to be tolerable and resolved within 48 hours. However, future studies need to more actively evaluate the appropriate management of adverse effects.

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“…As a result, providing appropriate treatment for individuals suffering from TRD poses a challenge for modern medicine and improving treatment efficacy is being pursued through the investigation of drugs that are intensely studied for their effectiveness. Among such drugs are ketamine and psilocybin [29,30].…”

Section: Possibilities Of Using Psilocybin and Its Effectiveness In T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psilocybin - new remedy for patients with psychiatric disorders? Critical analysis of the current state of knowledge

Wąsik,

Tomaszuk,

Wojtuś

2023

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction and purpose: Nowadays, when mental disorders are considered by the World Health Organisation as a global burden, the potential usage of psychedelic drugs as supportive therapy is gaining more attention worldwide. The aim of this paper is to summarize the usefulness of psilocybin - representative of psychedelics - in psychiatric venues. In this review we describe its properties, efficacy and adverse events in treating depression, trauma and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Psilocybin demonstrates a safety profile which does not differ from standard drugs used in therapies of psychiatric disorders. Positive results of its administration were noticed on different psychiatric scales and are considered as clinically meaningful. With depression being the most common mental disease and growing demand for new remedies, most of the conducted research is concentrated on this subject, but there is also some evidence of its purpose in the treatment of trauma and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Conclusions: Psilocybin merits further research as foregoing results of conducted studies are pointing to its efficacy. Psychedelic-assisted therapies may create noteworthy opportunities to current matter in the standard treatment of psychiatric disorders and there is a possibility that in the future in some cases they will be considered as the first line treatment. Nevertheless, still more data is needed to determine its placement in the treatments.

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Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Predictors of Medical Students’ Perceptions of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Use in Medical Practice

Predictors of Medical Students’ Perceptions of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Use in Medical Practice

Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin

Psilocybin - new remedy for patients with psychiatric disorders? Critical analysis of the current state of knowledge

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