Potential toxicity of aluminum and fluoride on some biochemical aspects of male rat’s offspring

Abstract

Background: This work was designed to evaluate the potential hazards of sodium fluoride (NaF) and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3) given separately or in conjugation throughout the prenatal and up to weaning time or till the postnatal 70th day. The levels of the following parameters were then assessed; vitamin C (ascorbic acid), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein, albumin, total calcium, ionized calcium, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and bilirubin. In addition, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. In this study, female pregnant rats were allocated into four groups. The first received the drinking deionized water and served as a normal group, the second was given a daily dose of NaF (0.15 g/L) dissolved in deionized water from day 6 of gestation till the end of the weaning period, and the third was given a daily dose of AlCl 3 (500 mg/L) for the same period of time. The fourth group was given drinking water containing combined doses of NaF + AlCl 3 for a similar length of time. Each group was further divided into two subgroups; the first continued to be treated with the same pollutants in drinking deionized water at the same dose level until the age of 70 days, whereas the second group was supplied with pure deionized water free from the intoxicating substances for the same period of time. Results: The results revealed that either NaF or AlCl 3 given separately or in conjunction with each other abated the quenching effects of the antioxidant system and induced oxidative stress and several perturbations in the aforementioned parameters. The metals caused significant increase in the levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, and activities of ALT and AST activities, whereas the levels of total and ionized calcium in serum and the concentration of vitamin C, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio in hepatic tissues were significantly decreased and the levels of MDA were markedly increased in the liver as a response to the studied metals. Conclusion: Based on the present results, the exposure to sodium fluoride or aluminum chloride induced profound perturbation in the liver and kidney functions.

The effect of Thymus vulgaris L. on renal and liver toxicity in wistar rats exposed to aluminum

“…The observed decline in the level of protein in AlCl 3 treated rats in this study agrees with the findings of Kinawy (2019) and might be due to changes in the metabolism of proteins, particularly albumin. On one hand, this could be attributed to malnutrition but on the other hand, it could be due to a reduction in the protein synthesis in the liver (Tripathi et al, 2009).…”

“…Al has been considered as a toxic agent in many pathological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases (Exley, 2016), mycrocytic anaemia and osteoporosis (Chappard et al, 2016). Once absorbed, Al gathers necessarily in the bones, brain, liver and kidneys (Kinawy, 2019). This metal was considered hurtless since its presence in the trivalent form meant that it would easily attach to ions and forms colloidal polymeric particles.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Rosa damascena Extract against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Brain Damage in Rat Offspring

“…Female rats were mated with healthy male rats, and the offspring were randomly divided into seven groups of 10. After obtaining the required infants, they were kept at 20°C with 12 hours of dark/light cycle and 55–65% humidity [ 19 ]. Moreover, in addition to the ARRIVE guidelines [ 20 ], the Ethics Committee of Babol University of Medical Sciences approved the experimental methods (approval ID Mubabol.…”

Ameliorative Effect of Novel Nanocompound against Oxidative Stress- Induced Brain Toxicity in Mice

“…Al enters our body via daily food intake, cooking utensils, drinking water, pharmaceuticals e.g., Al-containing antacids and vaccines, and through industrial exposures (Finke et al, 2015). Both Al and F toxicity cause a marked imbalance in the redox system and as a consequence generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have unpaired electrons; these are extremely reactive and hence, can cause severe damage to the cell nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (Kinawy, 2019a;Fernandes et al, 2021). They are known among the common neuro-toxicants that induce CNS disturbances and subsequently behavioral instabilities (Kinawy, 2019b).…”