Potential use of adult bovine serum obtained during the slaughtering process as a biological reagent

Abstract

Starting from 2013, the Korean 'Marine Environment Management Act,' in response to international regulation on marine pollution, will prohibit the marine disposal of land wastes such as animal husbandry by-products and waste produced during the slaughtering process. Currently, most bovine blood is wasted during the slaughtering process and causes environmental problems in Korea. Therefore, long-term measures are required to process blood waste produced during the slaughtering process. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential use of adult bovine serum obtained during the slaughtering process for use in cell cultures. Primary mouse astrocytes, primary human fibroblasts, and L6 cells were cultured with adult male, adult female, and castrated male bovine sera for comparison with fetal bovine serum (FBS). The performance of adult bovine serum was comparable to that of FBS in culture of astrocytes and fibroblasts. Compared to FBS, adult bovine serum supported enhanced proliferation and differentiation of L6 cells. These results suggest that adult bovine serum obtained from the slaughtering process has a potential use as a biological reagent. Moreover, recycling adult bovine serum will contribute to solving the environmental issues arising from the disposal of waste produced during the slaughtering process.

Identification and Quantification of Proteins from Preparative Partition Chromatography and Peptides from Organic Extraction of Fetal Versus Adult Bovine Serum using Nano-Spray-LC-ESI-MS/MS

“…Primary cultures may eventually die after many passages, even when provided with fetal serum [10]. For the past decades, FBS has been preferred for culturing cells over other bovine sera since it contains higher levels of nutrients, adhesion proteins and growth factors that promote cell growth [11], [18], [19].…”

Identification and Quantification of Proteins from Preparative Partition Chromatography and Peptides from Organic Extraction of Fetal Versus Adult Bovine Serum using Nano-Spray-LC-ESI-MS/MS

“…Many animal cells can grow in a fetal serum-containing media such as Eagle's medium, while certain cell types require specific protein growth factors that are not present in serum [10]. The most widely used sera are from adult or fetal bovine origin [9], and the most widely used product manufactured from bovine blood is bovine serum for cell culture [11].…”

“…Insulin alone, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor (TGF) [12][13][14] were found to increase proliferation but were inferior to effect of fetal serum [15] indicating there are as yet unknown growth factors in fetal serum. Thus, it is important to analyze the biological properties of adult bovine serum in comparison with fetal bovine serum for cell culture [11]. In general, FBS is an extremely complex mixture of a large number constituents, including both low and high molecular weight biomolecules with different growth-promoting and growth-regulating activities [9].…”

“…Primary cultures may eventually die after many passages, even when provided with fetal serum [10]. For the past decades, FBS has been preferred for culturing cells over other bovine sera since it contains higher levels of nutrients, adhesion proteins and growth factors that promote cell growth [11], [18], [19].…”

“…Moreover, significantly lower levels of antibodies that reduce the risks posed by cross-reaction of antibodies in cell culture were found in FBS [11], [20].…”