Potential Use of Brown Algae as an Immunostimulant Material in the Aquaculture Field to Increase Non-Specific Immunity and Fight Disease

Abstract

The aquaculture field continues to grow from year to year. This is because aquaculture fulfills the world's food needs. Aquaculture intensification continues. As a result of this intensification, the aquaculture environment experienced a decrease in water quality. This led to the rapid growth of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, resulting in a high incidence of disease outbreaks. An alternative solution that has been extensively researched recently is using immunostimulants to increase the non-specific immunity of fish and shrimp, which will help fish and insects prevent disease outbreaks. One of the natural ingredients that have the potential to become an immunostimulant is from the brown algae group. Immunostimulants from brown algae such as Hot-water Extract of Tropical Brown Seaweed, Sargassum cristaefolium, Sargassum glaucescens, Sargassum duplicatum, Sargassum wightii, Sargassum sp. Polysaccharides from seaweed, such as fucoidan extracts from brown algae, can enhance the non-specific immune system in shrimp Litopenaneus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, Fenneropenaeus indicus, and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. These immunostimulants increase non-specific immunity, such as total hemocyte count, phagocytosis activity, phenoloxidase, phagocytic, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, and total plasma protein. Immunostimulants from brown algae can also fight bacterial disease attacks Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococciasis, Streptococcus iniae, and White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by increasing survival rate and can increase the growth and feed efficiency of cultivated commodities that are not given immunostimulants.

ARTICLE REVIEW: PROTEIN AND LIPID REQUIREMENTS OF MUD CRAB (Scylla spp.)

“…Assessment is carried out by reading the abstract of each study and noting the parts that are relevant to the research objectives. The final results of this analysis are then used to draw conclusions that are appropriate to the problems studied (Affandi & Diamahesa, 2023;Muahiddah & Diamahesa, 2023;Diamahesa & Muahiddah, 2022;Diamahesa & Muahiddah, 2023).…”

“…Fisheries Journal, 14(2), 459-469. http://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v14i2.805 Diamahesa & Affandi (2024) Diamahesa, W. A., & Muahiddah, N. (2023)…”

Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Bioteknologi Melalui Pemanfaatan Makroalga Laut sebagai Imunostimulan dalam Mendukung Akuakultur Berkelanjutan

“…Gen-gen tersebut terlibat dalam respons imun seluler dan humoral pada ikan. Studi oleh Muahiddah & Diamahesa (2022) juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan makroalga laut dalam kegiatan budi daya ikan dan udang dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan ikan dan udang.…”