Potential Use of Human Periapical Cyst-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hPCy-MSCs) as a Novel Stem Cell Source for Regenerative Medicine Applications

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting growing interest by the scientific community due to their huge regenerative potential. Thus, the plasticity of MSCs strongly suggests the utilization of these cells for regenerative medicine applications. The main issue about the clinical use of MSCs is related to the complex way to obtain them from healthy tissues; this topic has encouraged scientists to search for novel and more advantageous sources of these cells in easily accessible tissues. The oral cavity hosts several cell populations expressing mesenchymal stem cell like-features, furthermore, the access to oral and dental tissues is simple and isolation of cells is very efficient. Thus, oral-derived stem cells are highly attractive for clinical purposes. In this context, human periapical cyst mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) exhibit characteristics similar to other dental-derived MSCs, including their extensive proliferative potential, cell surface marker profile and the ability to differentiate into various cell types such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons. Importantly, hPCy-MSCs are easily collected from the surgically removed periapical cysts; this reusing of biological waste guarantees a smart source of stem cells without any impact on the surrounding healthy tissues. In this review, we report the most interesting research topics related to hPCy-MSCs with a newsworthy discussion about the future insights. This newly discovered cell population exhibits interesting and valuable potentialities that could be of high impact in the future regenerative medicine applications.

Sources and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State-of-the-art review

“…55,56 A specific type of DP-MSCs, known as periapical cyst (PCy)-MSCs, have gained special attention because of their extensive proliferative potential, cell surface marker profile and ability to differentiate into various cell types, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons. 16,17,55,56 Importantly, these cells are easily collected from surgically removed PCys, thus allowing for the reuse of biological waste. They have also been used in the field of bone regeneration.…”

Dental Stem Cell-Derived Secretome/Conditioned Medium: The Future for Regenerative Therapeutic Applications

“…Stem/progenitor cells have further been isolated from diseased dental tissues as inflamed pulp [50,51] and periapical cysts [52,53].…”

Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications

“…In addition, bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMSCs) can be isolated from maxilla and mandible during a series of dental treatments, including dental implantation, third molar extraction, orthodontic osteotomy, and cyst extirpation. Moreover, the unprecedented findings reported by Marrelli et al, who astonishingly demonstrate human periapical cyst contains cells with MSCs‐like properties, have laid the groundwork for identifying a rich source of stem cells without any interference with the surrounding healthy tissue. Among these stem cells, DPSCs and SHED are noteworthy for their easy accessibility from teeth, which are regarded as disposable during occlusion management.…”