Potential Use of Mango Waste and Microalgae Spirulina sp. for Bioelectricity Generation

Abstract

Potential use of organic waste and microalgae generates bioelectricity and thereby reduces harmful effects on the environment. These residues are used due to their high content of electron-generating microorganisms. However, so far, they have not been used simultaneously. Therefore, this research uses mango waste and microalgae Spirulina sp. in double-chamber microbial fuel cells to generate bioelectricity. The cells were made at a laboratory scale using zinc and copper electrodes, achieving a maximum current and voltage of 7.5948 ± 0.3109 mA and 0.84546 ± 0.314 V, with maximum electrical conductivity of the substrate being 157.712 ± 4.56 mS/cm and an optimum operating pH being 5.016 ± 0.086. The cells showed a low internal resistance of approximately 205.056 ± 25 Ω, and a maximum power density of 657.958 ± 21.114 mW/cm2 at a current density of 4.484 A/cm2. This research provides an excellent opportunity for mango farmers and exporting and importing companies because they can use their own waste to reduce their electricity costs when this prototype is brought to a large scale.

Obtaining Sustainable Electrical Energy from Pepper Waste

“…Liu et al (2020) reported an internal resistance of 162.9 ± 3.5 Ω and an electrical potential of 0.63 V using electrogenic bacteria Sustainability 2024, 16, 3448 7 of 12 in their MFCs and carbon electrodes as a substrate, showing the importance of reflux and aeration in the cells to increase PD values [70]. The mango waste in single-chamber MFCs has shown an internal resistance of 205.056 ± 25 Ω on the twenty-first day, mentioning that the high resistance value is due to poor biofilm formation due to the corrosion observed, but they showed high values of electric current (7.5948 ± 0.3109 mA) and electric potential (0.84546 ± 0.314 V), but it would be due to the metallic nature of the electrodes used (copper and zinc) that in the first days it did not show corrosion [71].…”

Use of Pineapple Waste as Fuel in Microbial Fuel Cell for the Generation of Bioelectricity

“…The values of electrical currents in the MFCs are governed mainly by the fermentative microorganisms that convert the substrate (fermented fuel), such as glucose, into small-chain organic acids, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; electricity is generated at the same time as an interaction is formed between the reduced compounds that are produced under redox conditions during fermentation or possibly in some direct transfer of electrons between the microorganisms and the anode surface [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, the values of the electric current in Figure 1 b showed a decrease during the last days, which would be due to the diffusion of oxygen from the cathode to the anode due to the lack of a membrane between them [ 41 ].…”