Potential use of Muntingia calabura L. extracts against human and plant pathogens

Abstract

Studies were carried out to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of various parts of Muntingia calabura L. Aqueous and methanol extracts of leaf, bark and fruits were prepared and phytochemical analysis of the parts revealed the presence of glycosides and flavonoids as the major biologically active compounds. Bacterial isolates of clinical importance and fungal phytopathogens were tested against the various extracts of M. calabura. Various degree of inhibition was observed with various extracts and significant antibacterial activity was recorded against Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Antifungal activity of the methanol extracts were seen against Fusarium sp and Penicillium sp and was mainly due to the presence of tannins. Nil antifungal activity of aqueous extract was described in the study due to the absence of bioactive compounds in the extracts. The presence of glycosides, tannins and flavonoids has influenced the antimicrobial properties of the plant especially against M. luteus and P. aeruginosa. Methanolic extracts have shown better efficacy against the test isolates than the aqueous extracts throughout the study revealing the soluble nature of the phytochemicals in the solvent. The broad antimicrobial activity suggests the use of M. calabura as a source of new bioactive principles for the development of drugs against human and plant pathogens.

In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity of muntingia calabura fruits extract

“…The MIC value of the fruit extract ranged from 974 to 5754 µg/mL for tested bacteria. These findings are completely different to those published by the reference [18] in a Letter to the Editor. These authors found MIC values in the range of 10-40 µg/mL for Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis which can be a consequence of the microorganism's sensitivity to acetone employed during the extracts elaboration.…”

Muntingia calabura: A review of its traditional uses, chemical properties, and pharmacological observations

“…In addition, all compounds, except for 10 and 12, exerted a cytotoxic effect against ME-12 cells with the recorded ED 50 ranging between 8.7 and 14.6 mg/mL. Lastly, all compounds, except for 1 and 4-7, exerted cytotoxic Sibi et al (2012) effect against the CO-12 with recorded ED 50 ranging between 5.9 and 15.8 mg/mL. A few years later, Chen et al (2004) continued the cytotoxicity studies of M. calabura, where 15 bioactive compounds isolated from the MEMC SB were tested against P-388, A549, and HT-29 cells using the MTT colorimetric method.…”

“…Two years later, another attempt was made to investigate the antimicrobial activity of M. calabura (Sibi et al, 2012). Using various parts of the plant, namely the leaf, bark, and fruits, collected from Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, the aqueous and methanol extracts of the respective M. calabura parts were prepared.…”

Analysis of The Secondary Metabolite of Kersen Leaf Extracts (Muntingia calabura L.) and Its Potential as Anti-Bacteria to Inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila

“…Several other studies testing phenols and their derivatives as anti-bacteria from kersen leaf are; Buhian et al (2016), who are explained the results of the content of phenol and flavonoid compounds extracts of kersen leaf capable of inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis through disc dilution test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test. Sibi et al (2012), tannin and flavonoids compounds in leaf have been found to be capable to inhibit the growth of Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus through inhibitory test (disc dilution). The research by Sulaiman et al (2017), which is reported through tests of flavonoid and tannin with discs dilution test show that it can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus viridians colony.…”

“…Kersen has long time ago been good for health, especially on its leaves (Andareto, 2015). Kersen leaf has secondary metabolite which has certain activities that are able to fight pathogenic bacteria as the anti-bacteria (Sibi et al, 2012). Anti-bacterial is a certain substance that has the function of killing or inhibiting bacterial reproduction so that it is unable to grow and maturate (Sartika et al, 2013).…”