Potential use of new diphenylurea derivatives in micropropagation of Capparis spinosa L.

Abstract

A protocol for in vitro multiplication of caper (Capparis spinosa L. subsp. rupestris) from nodal segments collected from mature plants was developed. For shoot multiplication, one auxin (indol-3-butyric acid, IBA) and cytokinins of two different classes were used: the N6-substituted adenine derivatives 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), and the two synthetic phenylurea derivatives Nphenyl-N0-benzothiazol-6-ylurea (PBU) and N-phenyl-N0-(1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl) urea (thidiazuron, TDZ). Maximum shoot production was achieved from explants cultured with the adeninic cytokinin BAP (4 lM) and the auxin IBA (0.5 lM). New shoots longer than 1 cm were used for rooting. To induce root formation, three auxins [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA)] and two synthetic phenylurea derivatives [N,N-bis-(2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea (2,3-MDPU) and N,N-bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)urea\ud (3,4-MDPU)] were used. All rooting compounds tested stimulated the formation of roots. However, the best result in terms of a high percentage of rooted shoots having a\ud well-developed root system with many lateral roots was achieved with the synthetic phenylurea 2,3-MDPU (1 lM) with 93.7% of well rooted plantlets. About 80% of rooted\ud plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse

Efficient Protocol for the In Vitro Plantlet Production of Caper (Capparis orientalis Veill.) from the East Adriatic Coast

“…The combinations of the types and concentrations of auxins used in these experiments were chosen due to them having already been used for in vitro rooting of caper in several previous studies [5,19,21,23]. Auxins at different concentrations (rooting treatments) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced rooting efficiency.…”

“…Caper flower buds, pickled in vinegar or salted, are delicacies that have long been used in culinary traditions. The biggest producers and exporters of caper are Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Syria [5]. Caper is 2 of 11 also cultivated in Australia.…”

“…A large number of seedlings are needed to establish a new caper orchard. The most common and simplest method of caper propagation is by fresh seed [17], but growing caper plants from seed is unreliable, as there is great variability in the generative progeny, which is highly evident in terms of the growth habit, yield, quality of flower buds, and vegetative behavior [5].…”

“…Still, it should be noted that conventional clonal propagation is associated with serious rooting problems [18]. Micropropagation has been suggested as a solution, and indeed, the capers of different species and different areas have so far been successfully micropropagated [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Overcoming sexual sterility in conservation of endangered species: the prominent role of biotechnology in the multiplication of Zelkova sicula (Ulmaceae), a relict tree at the brink of extinction

“…As a matter of fact, temperate plants show a clear seasonal pattern in their response to tissue culture; as a consequence, the explants have to be collected in the most suitable time of the year (Benson 2000;Kartsonas and Papafotiou 2007). Commonly, to avoid loss of material due to culture contamination, the use of young and actively growing spring shoots is preferred (Carra et al 2012). In contrast to that, however, in our case it was very difficult to introduce in vitro plant material harvested in spring and summer due to lethal browning of shoots and high contamination rates, while plant material collected in winter reacted more positively, with a high percentage of successful establishment.…”