Potential Uses of Deep-Space Cooling for Exploration Missions

Chambliss, Joseph; Sweterlitsch, Jeff; Swickrath, Michael J.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-3638

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although all planets in the solar system have non-zero absolute temperature and consequently radiate heat, it is commonly accepted to consider only the contribution from the Earth in thermal problems for spacecrafts and space stations operating in low orbit [55]. Another potential source is the radiation from the deep space but, since its temperature is of only a few K [61,15], it is certainly negligible.…”

Section: Heat Radiation From Space Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy absorption through radiation in multilayer windows for spacecrafts

GALUPPI,

ROYER-CARFAGNI

2024

Preprint

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The overall heating of satellites operating in low orbit, essentially due to direct radiation from the sun and terrestrial albedo, and the planetary radiation, is well studied, but little is found specifically on transparent plates used for windowing spacecrafts. The most historic material of choice is fused silica, as in the cupola of the International Space Station; more recently, acrylic glass is being used, but its refractive properties are poorly documented. Starting from Maxwell’s laws, the effects of electromagnetic waves incident on multilayer windows composed of panes of fused silica or acrylic glass, or a composition of these, are analyzed. Using data of refractive index from the literature, which however are incomplete and sometimes contradictory, the problem is addressed by distinguishing the frequency of the radiation, because this affects the transmissibility and absorption of each material; moreover, the frequency content of the radiation of the solar and terrestrial albedo is different from that of the planet. Worked examples show that fused silica allows most radiation to pass directly through; absorption occurs in such a thin surface layer that it can be modeled as a boundary condition. Acrylic glass, on the other hand, is characterized by absorption depending on the thickness; this can potentially increase its temperature, posing a problem since the mechanical properties decay at temperatures above 100 °C. This study represents a key step to analyze the thermal problem for space windows, of considerable interest since glazing can fail due to thermal shocks, constrained thermal variations, or temperature concentrations.

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Section: Heat Radiation From Space Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only contribution recording data up to λ = 60 µm appears to be [67]. Here, the real part n of the refractive index of PMMA is evaluated, by using broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, in the wavelgenth range (42,3320) µm, while the absorption index k is obtained by far-infrared spectroscopy in the range (15,3320) µm.…”

Section: Acrylic Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption through radiation in multilayer windows for spacecrafts

GALUPPI,

ROYER-CARFAGNI

2024

Preprint

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Energy Absorption Through Radiation in Multilayer Windows for Spacecrafts

Galuppi,

Royer-Carfagni

2024

Aerotec. Missili Spaz.

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The overall heating of satellites operating in low Earth orbit, essentially due to direct radiation from the Sun, terrestrial albedo, and planetary radiation, is well studied, but little is found specifically on transparent plates used for windowing spacecrafts. The most historic material of choice is fused silica; more recently, acrylic glass is being used, but its refractive properties are poorly documented. The effects of electromagnetic waves incident on multilayer windows composed of panes of fused silica or acrylic glass, or a combination of these, are analyzed. Using data of refractive index from the literature, which, however, have been found incomplete and sometimes contradictory, the problem is addressed by accounting for the dependence of transmissivity and absorptivity of each material on the energy spectrum, which is different for solar and planetary radiation. Worked examples show that fused silica allows most radiation to pass directly through, while acrylic glass is characterized by absorption depending on the thickness; this can potentially increase its temperature, posing a problem since the mechanical properties decay at temperatures near $$100 ^{\circ }\textrm{C}$$ 100 ∘ C . This study contributes to the analysis of thermal problems for space windows, of considerable interest since glazing can fail due to thermal shocks, constrained thermal variations, or temperature concentrations.

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The Single Habitat Module Concept - A Streamlined Way to Explore

Chambliss

2012

AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference &Amp; Exposition

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Many concepts have been proposed for exploring space. In early 2010 presidential direction called for reconsidering the approach to address changes in exploration destinations, use of new technologies and development of new capabilities to support exploration of space. Considering the proposed new technologies and capabilities that NASA was directed to pursue, the Single Habitathabitat module (SHMSHM) concept for a more streamlined approach to the infrastructure and conduct of exploration missions was developed. The SHM concept combines many of the new promising technologies with a central concept of mission architectures that uses a single habitat module for all phases of an exploration mission. Integrating mission elements near Earth and fully fueling them prior to departure of the vicinity of Earth provides the capability of using the single habitat both in transit to an exploration destination and while exploring the destination. The concept employs the capability to return the habitat and interplanetary propulsion system to Earth vicinity so that those elements can be reused on subsequent exploration missions. This paper describes the SHM concept, and the advantages it provides to accomplish exploration objectives. Nomenclature

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Potential Uses of Deep-Space Cooling for Exploration Missions

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Energy absorption through radiation in multilayer windows for spacecrafts

Energy absorption through radiation in multilayer windows for spacecrafts

Energy Absorption Through Radiation in Multilayer Windows for Spacecrafts

The Single Habitat Module Concept - A Streamlined Way to Explore

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