Potential uses of Jordanian spent oil shale ash as a cementive material

Abstract

Retort residue ash of El-Lajjun oil shale from central Jordan has been studied for its cementitious and pozzolanic properties and potential uses in construction. During the preliminary phase, properties of the ash were determined and some tests were performed on pastes of ash, cement and their mixtures. According to X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric studies, the ash mainly consisted of calcite and silica and some lime silicates, providing cementitious character. Its hydration resulted in ettringite and lime silicate gel formation. The ash paste had relatively low setting times and hardened into a lightweight porous structure. Its 28 day strength was about half of the cement paste value for the same water content. The ash had weak pozzolanic activity. In blended pastes, addition of ash up to 30% caused some reductions in 28 day strengths. There seemed to be optimum ash contents which improved compactibility while causing minimum strength reductions. The results indicated that the ash could be used to produce lightweight masonry and building units having medium strengths. It showed potential for use as an admixture in cement and concrete.

Suitability of Oil Shale Ash as a Constituent of Cement

“…Researches have been done on burning of oil shale ash, its hydration activity, strength, and chemical composition [6,9,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

Freeze–Thaw Resistance and Drying Shrinkage of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Proportioned by the Modified Equivalent Mortar Volume Method

“…As mentioned previously, shale particles were found from the air base RCA. This can be explained by the research result of Schuster and McLaughlin (1961), Bentur and Grinberg (1982), Smadi et al (1989), Ballim (2000), Lee et al (2013) and Meddah (2015) in that increasing shale content in concrete has a significant effect in increasing both shrinkage and creep strain. Figure 8 illustrates the effect of the mix proportioning method on the drying shrinkage result of mix series 2 following 105 days.…”

“…For durability properties, there are chloride penetration test Limbachiya et al 2012;Ying et al 2016;Lee et al 2013), carbonation test Limbachiya et al 2012;Sagoe-Crentsil et al 2001;Lee et al 2013), freeze-thaw test Ballim 2000;Lee et al 2013), and creep (Fathifazl 2008;Smadi et al 1989) and drying shrinkage tests (Fathifazl 2008;Sagoe-Crentsil et al 2001;Smadi et al 1989;Lee et al 2013). Under the assumption that chloride penetration and carbonation properties may be better observed from the freeze-thaw test, while drying shrinkage may demonstrate a similar trend to creep behavior, freeze-thaw and drying shrinkage tests were conducted in this paper to study durability of RCA concrete.…”