“…In general, some of waste treatment technologies have followed in world–wide viz., open dump, recycling, sanitary landfill, landfill unspecified, anaerobic digestion, composting, aerobic composting, controlled landfill, and incineration have shown in Figure 4 . Land fill is the only option for many places for the destruction of waste, even in most of the cases after incineration it needs landfills, which affects ground water, surface water, environment and emit noxious smokes which have high potential to pollute the environment ( Nai et al., 2021 ). The landfill causes a direct impact on water pollution (ground water by landfill leachates), air pollution (odour, dust, fire, expansion of toxic gases methane and carbon dioxide—trapping heat in the atmosphere), soil pollution (damage to vegetation) and natural environment ( Vaverková, 2019 ).…”