Potentially Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian Sheep Flocks

Sekse, Camilla; Sunde, Marianne; Lindstedt, Bjørn-Arne; Hopp, Petter; Bruheim, Torkjel; Cudjoe, Kofitsyo S.; Kvitle, Bjørg; Urdahl, Anne Margrete

doi:10.1128/aem.00189-11

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The serotypes that have been most frequently reported to have been found in sheep are O5, O91, O117, O128, and O146. Several serotypes found in sheep, such as O5, O26, O91, O128/O128:H2, and O146:H8, have also been isolated from humans in clinical cases (2,3,4,13,29,47,48,50,51). Our findings in sheep also differ from those in previous studies, but the one similarity we detected, represented by O91:H14, is closely related to serotypes that were reported in cases of human disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Zoonotic Agents in Small Ruminants Kept on City Farms in Southern Germany

Schilling

Hotzel

Methner

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTSheep and goats are popular examples of livestock kept on city farms. In these settings, close contacts between humans and animals frequently occur. Although it is widely accepted that small ruminants can carry numerous zoonotic agents, it is unknown which of these agents actually occur in sheep and goats on city farms in Germany. We sampled feces and nasal liquid of 48 animals (28 goats, 20 sheep) distributed in 7 city farms and on one activity playground in southern Germany. We found that 100% of the sampled sheep and 89.3% of the goats carried Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). The presence ofStaphylococcusspp. in 75% of both sheep and goats could be demonstrated.Campylobacterspp. were detected in 25% and 14.3% of the sheep and goats, respectively. NeitherSalmonellaspp. norCoxiella burnetiiwas found. On the basis of these data, we propose a reasonable hygiene scheme to prevent transmission of zoonotic agents during city farm visits.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Zoonotic Agents in Small Ruminants Kept on City Farms in Southern Germany

Schilling

Hotzel

Methner

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…VTEC strains have also been detected in sheep, with a similarly wide range of prevalence figures (Milnes et al, 2008;Oporto et al, 2008;Prendergast et al, 2011;Pritchard et al, 2009;Schilling et al, 2012;Sekse et al, 2011). Thus it is clear that small ruminants can play an important role by shedding these pathogens in the faeces (Blanco et al, 2003;La Ragione et al, 2009).…”

Section: Severity Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 96%

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from sheep and goats

2013

EFSA Journal

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A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk-based interventions was proposed. Further studies are required on T. gondii and pathogenic VTEC. If new information confirms these hazards as a high risk to public health from meat from sheep or goats, setting targets at carcass level should be considered. Other elements of the system are risk-categorisation of flocks/herds based on improved Food Chain Information (FCI), classification of abattoirs according to their capability to reduce faecal contamination, and use of improved process hygiene criteria. It is proposed to omit palpation and incision from post-mortem inspection in animals subjected to routine slaughter. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account FCI, which should be expanded to reflect the SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by the inspection of meat from sheep and goats. The Panel was supported by the EFSA Panels on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) and Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) in the preparation of this Opinion. Briefly, the main risks for public health that should be addressed by meat inspection were identified and ranked; the strengths and weaknesses of the current meat inspection system were evaluated; recommendations were made for inspection methods fit for the purpose of meeting the overall objectives of meat inspection for hazards currently not covered by the meat inspection system; and recommendations for adaptations of inspection methods and/or frequencies of inspections that provide an equivalent level of protection were made. In addition, the implications for animal health and animal welfare of any changes proposed to current inspection methods were assessed.Sheep and goats were considered together, unless otherwise stated. Decision trees were developed and used for priority ranking of biological and chemical hazards present in meat from sheep and goats. For biological hazards the ranking was based on the magnitude of the human health impact, the severity of the disease in humans and the evidence supporting the role of meat from sheep and goats as a risk factor for disease in humans. The assessment was focused on the public health risks that may occur through the handling, preparation for consumption and/or consumption of meat from these species. The term 'priority' was considered more appropriate than 'risk' for categorizing the biological hazards associated with meat from small rumina...

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“…The E. coli isolates were originally collected during a national survey of E. coli in sheep in Norway during the years 2006 and 2007. First, a total of 511 isolates (142 E. coli O26 and 369 E. coli O103) was selected from this survey and investigated for eae, stx, and H type, as previously described (21,22). Among these isolates, 99 isolates of serotypes O26:H11 (n ϭ 25), O103:H2 (n ϭ 42), and O103:H25 (n ϭ 32) were semirandomly selected for the present study, making sure that isolates from as many counties as possible were included within each serotype.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli Can Form a Biofilm under Conditions Relevant to the Food Production Chain

Nesse

Sekse

Berg

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The biofilm-producing abilities of potentially human-pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli from the ovine reservoir were studied at different temperatures and on different surfaces. A possible influence of the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cells, as well as the presence of two virulence factors, the Shiga toxin-encoding (Stx) bacteriophage and the eae gene, was also studied. A total of 99 E. coli isolates of serotypes O26:H11, O103:H2, and O103:H25 isolated from sheep feces were included. The results show that isolates of all three E. coli serotypes investigated can produce biofilm on stainless steel, glass, and polystyrene at 12, 20, and 37°C. There was a good general correlation between the results obtained on the different surfaces. E. coli O103:H2 isolates produced much more biofilm than those of the other two serotypes at all three temperatures. In addition, isolates of serotype O26:H11 produced more biofilm than those of O103:H25 at 37°C. The hydrophobicity of the isolates varied between serotypes and was also influenced by temperature. The results strongly indicated that hydrophobicity influenced the attachment of the bacteria rather than their ability to form biofilm once attached. Isolates with the eae gene produced less biofilm at 37°C than isolates without this gene. The presence of a Stx bacteriophage did not influence biofilm production. In conclusion, our results show that potentially human-pathogenic E. coli from the ovine reservoir can form biofilm on various surfaces and at several temperatures relevant for food production and handling.

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Potentially Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian Sheep Flocks

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Zoonotic Agents in Small Ruminants Kept on City Farms in Southern Germany

Zoonotic Agents in Small Ruminants Kept on City Farms in Southern Germany

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from sheep and goats

Potentially Pathogenic Escherichia coli Can Form a Biofilm under Conditions Relevant to the Food Production Chain

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