Potentially pathogenic<i>Acanthamoeba</i>in swimming pools: a survey in the southern Brazilian city of Porto Alegre

Caumo, Karin Silva; Frasson, Amanda Piccoli; Pens, Claiton José; Panatieri, Lua Ferreira; Frazzon, Ana Paula Guedes; Rott, Marilise Brittes

doi:10.1179/136485909x451825

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…During the last few years, molecular techniques (PCR) are increasingly being used in the identification of the genotype (Booton et al 2005, Caumo et al 2009, Edagawa et al 2009, Goldschmidt et al 2012, Howe et al 1997, Itahashi et al 2011, Jain and Tilak 2011, Laummaunwai et al 2012, Le Calvez et al 2012. Our results confirmed the usefulness of PCR for the early, rapid and sensitive diagnosis of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative analyses of different genetic markers for the detection of Acanthamoeba spp. isolates

Derda

Wojtkowiak-Giera

Hadaś

2014

Acta Parasitologica

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Acanthamoeba are widespread free-living amoebae which may cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), keratitis, skin ulcerations and disseminated tissue infection. An important diagnostic and prognostic factor for the treatment of infection is a quick and correct diagnosis of amoebae strains. The aim of our study was to develop a rapid method for detection and identification of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. strains from diagnostic material collected from water. In this study we analysed five amplification-based genetic markers (Aca 16S, Ac6/210, GP, JDP, Nelson) used for identification of pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. strains isolated in water sources in Poland, Iceland and Sweden. Our results demonstrated the presence of pathogenic Acanthamoeba strains in tap water. PCR assay appeared to be a more rapid and sensitive method to detect the presence of amoebae than the limited conventional techniques. Based on our observations, we can confirm that the use of four out of five genetic markers (Aca 16S, Ac 6/210, JDP, GP, Nelson) may be helpful in identification of Acanthamoeba spp. strains, but only one Aca 16S primer pair is a highly specific marker that distinguishes between pathogenic strains of Acanthamoeba and other free-living amoeba families.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparative analyses of different genetic markers for the detection of Acanthamoeba spp. isolates

Derda

Wojtkowiak-Giera

Hadaś

2014

Acta Parasitologica

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“…has been identified in many countries around the world for example in Bulgaria (Tsvetkova et al 2004), Osaka (Japan) (Edagawa et al 2009), USA (John and Howard 1995;Ettinger et al 2003;Shoff et al 2008;Stockman et al 2011;Mahmoudi et al 2012), Taiwan (Hsu et al 2009), Brazil (Caumo et al 2009;Magliano et al 2009), South Korea (Jeong and Yu 2005), and Switzerland (Gianinazzi et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated in water treatment plants and comparison with clinical isolates

et al. 2012

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A total of 116 samples (44 clinical specimens and 72 environmental samples) have been analyzed for the presence of Acanthamoeba. The environmental samples (ESs) were collected from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTP, n=32), seven wastewater treatment plants (n=28), and six locations of influence (n=12) on four river basins from the central area of Spain (winter-spring 2008). Water samples were concentrated by using the IDEXX Filta-Max(®) system. Acanthamoeba was identified in 65 of the 72 ESs by culture isolation (90.3%) and 63 by real-time PCR (87.5%), resulting in all sampling points (100%) positive for Acanthamoeba when considering both techniques and all the time period analyzed. Nine of the 44 clinical specimens were positive for Acanthamoeba. Seventeen Acanthamoeba strains (eight from four DWTP and nine from clinical samples) were also established in axenic-PYG medium. Twenty-four of the ESs and the 17 Acanthamoeba sp. strains were genotyped as T4/1, T4/8, and T4/9. The eight strains isolated from the DWTP samples were inoculated in nude mouse to ascertain their potential pathogenicity in this model. Animals that were inoculated died or showed central nervous system symptoms 9 days post-inoculation. Examination of immunofluorescence-stained brain and lung tissue sections showed multiple organisms invading both tissues, and re-isolation of throphozoites was successful in these tissues of all infected animals. For the first time, potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 has been detected in 100% of different types of water samples including tap water and sewage effluents in the central area of Spain suggesting a potential health threat for humans especially for the contact lens wearers.

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“…In this study, the most prevalent genus found was Acanthamoeba. Caumo et al (2009), evaluating the presence of Acanthamoeba in swimming pools, found that some water samples studied were positive for freeliving amoebae, all identified as belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba. The characterization of Acanthamoeba isolates by thermal and osmotolerance assays indicated that some of the isolates were potentially pathogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to multipurpose lens-cleaning solutions

Aguiar

Silveira

Winck

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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The present study investigated the susceptibility of Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites to two multipurpose systems for cleaning and maintenance of contact lenses. Three strains of trophozoites from the ATCC (A. castellani T4, A. castellani Neff, and A. polyphaga) and two Acanthamoeba isolates obtained from swimming pools (PT5 and PO1) were placed in monoxenic culture. To test their survival in cleaning solutions for contact lenses, the trophozoites were exposed for 4 and 24 h to two multipurpose solutions (A and B), and were then inoculated into a new monoxenic culture. Amoebic growth on the plates was observed after 72 h of incubation. Trophozoites from all three ATCC strains and one isolate from a swimming pool (PO1) grew in all plates after 4 h of exposure to solutions A and B. After 24 h, the ATCC strains and the PO1 isolate showed growth in most of the plates treated. Only the PT5 isolate showed susceptibility to both solutions over the time intervals tested. The two solutions were not completely effective against most strains and isolates over the time intervals tested. These results are important, since species of Acanthamoeba are widely distributed in the environment and are potential agents of eye pathologies.

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Potentially pathogenicAcanthamoebain swimming pools: a survey in the southern Brazilian city of Porto Alegre

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative analyses of different genetic markers for the detection of Acanthamoeba spp. isolates

Comparative analyses of different genetic markers for the detection of Acanthamoeba spp. isolates

Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated in water treatment plants and comparison with clinical isolates

Susceptibility of Acanthamoeba to multipurpose lens-cleaning solutions

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