2018
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0091-2
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Potentially toxic elements in soil of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Tribal areas, Pakistan: evaluation for human and ecological risk assessment

Abstract: Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contaminations in the soil ecosystem are considered as extremely hazardous due to toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulative nature. Therefore, this study was aimed to summarize the results of published PTEs in soil of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Tribal areas, Pakistan. Results were evaluated for the pollution quantification factors, including contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (ERI) and human health risk assessment. The highest CF (797) and… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
4

Citation Types

0
14
0

Year Published

2019
2019
2024
2024

Publication Types

Select...
7
1

Relationship

1
7

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 62 publications
(14 citation statements)
references
References 59 publications
0
14
0
Order By: Relevance
“…Numerous studies have been conducted on heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and used some pollution indices as comprehensive methods to assess the heavy metal concentrations and pollution status in soil. The most frequently used indices are Geoaccumulation Index (I geo ), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) (Enuneku et al 2017;Oumenskou et al 2018;Saddique et al 2018;Satapathy and Panda 2018;Barakat et al 2019c). Pollution indices are powerful tools and guides to analyze, treat, evaluate the state of the soil environment (Dung et al 2013;Kowalska et al 2016), and transmit on raw environmental information to managers, decision-makers, technicians and the public (Qingjie et al 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous studies have been conducted on heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils and used some pollution indices as comprehensive methods to assess the heavy metal concentrations and pollution status in soil. The most frequently used indices are Geoaccumulation Index (I geo ), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) (Enuneku et al 2017;Oumenskou et al 2018;Saddique et al 2018;Satapathy and Panda 2018;Barakat et al 2019c). Pollution indices are powerful tools and guides to analyze, treat, evaluate the state of the soil environment (Dung et al 2013;Kowalska et al 2016), and transmit on raw environmental information to managers, decision-makers, technicians and the public (Qingjie et al 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) was a semi-autonomous tribal region in northwestern Pakistan, comprised of seven agencies and six frontier regions (Saddique et al, 2018; FATA Disaster Management Authority, 2018). The covered area is 27,220 km2 sheltered five million, with a large 7.8 average household size and 97 percent of the inhabitant living in rural areas (Saddique et al, 2018; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2017).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) was a semi-autonomous tribal region in northwestern Pakistan, comprised of seven agencies and six frontier regions (Saddique et al, 2018; FATA Disaster Management Authority, 2018). The covered area is 27,220 km2 sheltered five million, with a large 7.8 average household size and 97 percent of the inhabitant living in rural areas (Saddique et al, 2018; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2017). The merged FATA borders Pakistan's provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan to the east and south, and Afghanistan's provinces of Kunar, Nangarhar, Paktika, Khost, and Paktika to the west and north (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The PTE includes essential elements and non-essential or toxic elements. Essential elements such as nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are required in a specific amount for normal function of living beings, while their higher concentration could induce harmful effects [11,12]. Toxic elements include lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) are hazardous for living beings even in minute concentration [13,14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%