Potentially toxic elements in urban soils: source apportionment and contamination assessment

Abstract

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Phytoremediation: An Ecological Solution for Decontamination of Polluted Urban Soils

“…Phytoremediation [10,11] consists to use of plants to remediate and revegetate contaminated sites. Phytoremediation technique was first developed to clean up heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils, thus, the first publications on the subject appears at the end of 1980s and beginning of the 2000s for urban soils.…”

“…emission, brake and tyre wear), (ii) commercial and industrial emissions (energy production, electronics, metallurgical and chemical industries, fuel combustion, incineration), (iii) domestic activities (construction and demolition, waste disposal, wastewater), and (iv) agricultural activities (application of fertilizers and pesticides, wastewater irrigation) [11].…”

Assessment of trace elements natural enrichment in topsoil by some Italian case studies

“…Some pollution indices can be used to provide a relative ranking of contamination levels. In fact, geoaccumulation index (I geo ) and enrichment factor (EF) can be employed to assess the pollution status and to estimate the impact of anthropogenic activities [16,33,[48][49][50]. These indicators are used to assess the presence and intensity of anthropogenic contaminant on topsoil.…”

Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Lead, Nickel, Cadmium, Vanadium and Some Chemical Parameters in Surface Soils of the City of Khorramabad

“…The first one is naturall, which comes from the concentration of heavy metals in the the parent rocks. The second one, anthropogenic contaminants, includes agrochemical organic matter, animal manure, mineral fertilizers , sewage sludge, and industrial wastes and effluents [10,11].…”