Potentials of non-edible Abrus precatorius seed oil towards biodiesel production

Obeta, Joseph Chikodili; Agu, Chidozie Victor; Njoku, O. U.; Okonkwo, Christopher Chukwudi; Anaduaka, Emeka Godwin

doi:10.5897/ajb2014.13979

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The density of the oil from Swietenia Macrophylla wood waste is 0.951 g/cm 3 which meets the density specifications for engine use (Renato et al., 2016; Valente et al., 2011). The relative density was established to be within the range of values reported for biodiesel fuels (Joseph et al., 2014). The lower the density, the heavier the fuel and the harder it is to burn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The pH level of this bio-oil is nearly neutral but could be neutralized in other to prevent corrosion and other reactions of the bio-oil when used in engines and boilers (Onal et al., 2017; Okoroigwe et al., 2012). The moisture contentin the wood is reported to be high and may cause saponification and hydrolysis in the bio-oil production (Joseph et al., 2014). Saponification value of 235.07mgKOH/g was recorded from the oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physico-chemical analysis of pyrolyzed bio-oil from swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) wood

Chukwuneke

Ewulonu

Chukwujike

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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The Swietenia macrophylla wood used for the study was sun dried for about 48 h, pulverized using a hammer mill and then sieved to a particle size of about 425μm using Wiley milling machine. The prepared materials were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor in the temperature range from 425 to 500 °C. The product yields were collected at an interval of 25 °C. The maximum yield of bio-oil was recorded as 69.5wt.% at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. The physicochemical properties and compositions of the feed materials and produced bio-oil were measured in order to quantify their potential for bio-energy use and industrial applications. The properties specifically measured include density, moisture content, ash content, pH, refractive index, cetane index, elemental composition, viscosity, and heating values. The ultimate analysis of the product showed that the contents of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur were 50.2%, 42.6%, 6.6%, <0.4% and <0.06% respectively. The viscosity, density, pH, moisture content, API gravity, ash content, HHV and LHV of bio-oil produced were found to be 4.6 mm 2 /s, 0.951 g/ml, 5.64, 21.4wt.%, 19.29, 0.15wt%, 29.52 MJ/kg and 28.08 MJ/kg respectively. These values were found to be in the ranges of values reported in the literature for bio-oils produced from biomass. The produced bio-oil had the much needed organic compounds typical of other woody biomass employed in commercial bio-oil manufacture. These compounds were classified into several groups; organic acids, ketones, phenols, alcohols, and aldehydes. The main components identified in the bio-oil are the aromatic and aliphatic compounds as well as carboxyl groups. The GCMS analysis of the product indicated the presence of 24 compounds which are useful as industrial chemicals and flammable gases: they include alkanes, alkenes, phenols, hydrogen, and levoglucosan. This study on bio-oil has demonstrated that mahogany wood is a useful biomass for the much sort potential fossil fuel substitute and finds vast application in the biofuel industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical analysis of pyrolyzed bio-oil from swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) wood

Chukwuneke

Ewulonu

Chukwujike

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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“…Comparisons of biodiesel yield obtained in this study and other researchers with the optimum transesterification process conditions Comparison of fuel properties of RCFO and WCO biodiesel with petroleum diesel and biodiesel standard ASTM D6751 wt% to obtain the optimum yield of biodiesel which was 87.77% and 96.23%, for RCFO and WCO, respectively. Table5revealed the physical and chemical characteristics of RCFO, RCFO biodiesel, WCO and WCO biodiesel in comparison with petroleum diesel[31] and biodiesel standard of ASTM D6751. The density of RCFO and WCO biodiesel were relatively higher than petroleum diesel but falls within the ASTM D6751 standard.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimization of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid river catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus) and waste cooking oil catalyzed by waste chicken egg shells derived catalyst

Santya¹,

Maheswaran²,

Yee³

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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The present study investigated the suitability of the river catfish oil (RCFO) and waste cooking oil (WCO) in transesterification reaction, catalyzed by chicken egg shells derived catalyst. Besides that, a process optimization study was conducted to reveal the effect of molar ratio of oil to methanol and catalyst loading on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). RCFO was extracted from river catfish waste with the recovery of oil of 17.39 wt%. An esterification reaction was carried out prior to transesterification reaction, due to the high percentage of free fatty acid (FFA%) in RCFO (4.93%) and WCO (11.28%). The FFA% was reduced to less than 1% under the optimized parameters of volume percentage of sulfuric acid to oil of 0.5% v/v and volume percentage of methanol to oil of 45% v/v at 60 °C for 2 h. Transesterification results showed that an optimum yield of FAME of 87.77% for RCFO and 96.23% for WCO were obtained under the same optimum conditions of 1:12 of molar ratio of oil to methanol, 1.5 wt% of catalyst loading, 60 min and 60 °C. The chicken egg shells derived catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity due to the high specific surface area of 5.2090 m 2 /g. The physiochemical properties of RCFO biodiesel and WCO biodiesel were characterized and it indeed met the biodiesel standard of ASTM D6751. Hence, both RCFO and WCO were feasible to use as the feedstocks in biodiesel production.

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Optimization and characterization of bioethanol production from Abrus seed flour

2020

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Summary Development of alternative energy sources, that is, renewable, environmental co‐friendly, and cost effective, is highly imperative to mitigate the harmful effects associated with the use of fossil fuels. Thus, Abrus precatorius seeds are commercially unexploited in the production of bioethanol in Nigeria. The seed was found to contain an appreciable amount of carbohydrates (ca 61%), which are the main source of ethanol. Its lignin content (1.23%) was very low compared to its hydrolyzable components of lignocellulose‐cellulose (13.67%) and hemicellulose (12.53%), making the seed a potential source of bioethanol. The Abrus hydrolysate produced by liquefaction and saccharification, using partially purified α‐amylase and glucoamylase, respectively, had a reducing sugar content of 10.90 mg/mL. Studies on the liquefaction of Abrus seed slurry showed that a maximum reducing sugar of 5.32 mg/mL was released at optimal conditions of substrate concentration (5 g/100 mL), pH 5.0, temperature 60°C, α‐amylase concentration 50 U/mL, and incubation period of 80 minutes, while the saccharification of liquefied slurry released a maximum reducing sugar of 10.90 mg/mL at optimal conditions of pH 5.5, temperature 60°C, glucoamylase concentration 40 U/mL, and incubation period of 90 minutes. The optimization of bioethanol production from Abrus hydrolysate showed that a maximum bioethanol yield of 90.57 ± 0.24% was obtained at an optimal incubation period of 5 days, inoculum size of 5% w/v, and pH of 5.5. The fuel properties of the Abrus bioethanol compared favorably well with standard ethanol, especially in the aspect of heat content (28 580.77 ± 0.05 KJ/Kg), kinematic viscosity at 40°C (1.30 ± 0.02 mm2/s), refractive index (1.36 ± 0.27), and pour point (−18.00 ± 0.07°C). Ash and sulfur were not detected in the produced bioethanol. This study showed that, under normal bioethanol production conditions, inedible Abrus seed flour can serve as cheap and effective feedstock for industrial production of bioethanol. Novelty Statement The depletion of the global reserves of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental concerns due to fossil fuel usage had spurred global interests in renewable alternative energy sources. Most of the carbon‐neutral alternative sources are edible crops, raising concern about food security in the ever‐increasing global population. Here, a good quality bioenergy is developed from a nonfood plant source, Abrus precatorius seed, to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel consumption on the environment without interfering with the global food chain.

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Potentials of non-edible Abrus precatorius seed oil towards biodiesel production

Abstract: Poten Joseph C. ipid and Lipo Biotechnology Abrus prec use as low characteriz sodium hy following c kinematic v 0.281 mg K KOH/g and respectively of A. preca filter pluggi found to be 50.86 and 4 FAME yield methyldeca show that A suitable as

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Physico-chemical analysis of pyrolyzed bio-oil from swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) wood

Physico-chemical analysis of pyrolyzed bio-oil from swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) wood

Optimization of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid river catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus) and waste cooking oil catalyzed by waste chicken egg shells derived catalyst

Optimization and characterization of bioethanol production from Abrus seed flour

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