Potentials of silicate-based formulations for wood protection and improvement of mechanical properties: A review

Yona, Arnaud Maxime Cheumani; Žigon, Jure; Pavlič, Matjaž; Petrič, Marko

doi:10.1007/s00226-021-01290-w

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Although this process was discontinued due to product failures, fundamental research on silicate-based wood treatments has continued up to date. 133 Natural extractives, oils, waxes, and resins, as well as their more-or-less artificial mimics, have attracted interest as environmentally friendly wood preservatives. Impregnation with oil can improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance of wood by means of enhanced water repellency, but only if impregnation of the cell wall is achieved.…”

Section: Sustainability In Wood Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of sodium silicate and heat was used to encase wood fibers in a glass-like protective coating, resulting in a claimed 40-year stability against rot. Although this process was discontinued due to product failures, fundamental research on silicate-based wood treatments has continued up to date …”

Section: Change Of Conditions: a Perspective On The Future Of Wood Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity

2022

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Wood is a renewable resource with excellent qualities and the potential to become a key element of a future bioeconomy. The increasing environmental awareness and drive to achieve sustainability is leading to a resurgence of research on wood materials. Nevertheless, the global climate changes and associated consequences will soon challenge the wood-value chains in several regions (e.g., central Europe). To cope with these challenges, it is necessary to rethink the current practice of wood sourcing and transformation. The goal of this review is to address the intrinsic natural diversity of wood, from its origin to its technological consequences for the present and future manufacturing of wood products. So far, industrial processes have been optimized to repress the variability of wood properties, enabling more efficient processing and production of reliable products. However, the need to preserve biodiversity and the impact of climate change on forests call for new wood processing techniques and green chemistry protocols for wood modification as enabling factors necessary for managing a more diverse wood provision in the future. This article discusses the past developments that have resulted in the current wood value chains and provides a perspective about how natural variability could be turned into an asset for making truly sustainable wood products. After briefly introducing the chemical and structural complexity of wood, the methods conventionally adopted for industrial homogenization and modification of wood are discussed in relation to their evolution toward increased sustainability. Finally, a perspective is given on technological potentials of machine learning techniques and of novel functional wood materials. Here the main message is that through a combination of sustainable forestry, adherence to green chemistry principles and adapted processes based on machine learning, the wood industry could not only overcome current challenges but also thrive in the near future despite the awaiting challenges.

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Section: Sustainability In Wood Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Change Of Conditions: a Perspective On The Future Of Wood Pr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity

2022

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“…What is worse, some of the inorganic salts could even bring about adverse effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the modified wood . For inorganic (nano)particles, the usage of fire retardants is usually very high, which could increase the modification cost. , Surface treatment methods such as the brushing method, , spraying method, sol–gel method, , or hydrothermal treatment , were also applied to improve the flame resistance of wood by coating or building flame-retardant layers on the wood surface. Although the above treatments could endow wood with flame resistance, the flame-retardant efficiency of the coating produced by the spraying or brushing method was not high, while the preparation process of the sol–gel method and hydrothermal treatments were relatively complex and difficult to realize on large wood samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Durable Flame-Retardant Coatings on Wood Fabricated by Chitosan, Graphene Oxide, and Ammonium Polyphosphate Ternary Complexes via a Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Approach

et al. 2022

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An efficient and durable flame-retardant coating was constructed on wood via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly approach by using a chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) ternary flame-retardant system. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that CS-GO and APP polyelectrolytes were successfully deposited on wood, and the deposition amount was increased with the numbers of the LBLs. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CS-GO-APP coating could decrease the initial and maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the coated wood while increase the char residue significantly, which may be attributed to the earlier degradation of CS and APP and effective heat barrier of the incorporated GO, thus increasing the thermal stability of the modified wood. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter analysis results of the pristine and coated wood indicated that the fire resistance was significantly improved after CS-GO-APP modification; when 15 BLs were deposited on the wood, the LOI was increased from pristine 22 to 42, while the heat release rate and total heat release decreased from pristine 105.50 kW/m 2 and 62.43 MJ/m 2 to 57.51 kW/m 2 and 34.31 MJ/m 2 , respectively. What is more, the 24 h immersion experiments and abrasion tests proved the excellent durability of the deposited coating. Furthermore, the SEM images of the char residues after flaming test proved that the CS-GO-APP assembly coating could promote the char layer formation on the wood surface and block the heat and flame spread, thus protecting the wood from fire attacking.

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“…According to the use of the wood, it could be defined whether it will be necessary to apply a preservative product or whether a surface coating is sufficient. If the wood is intended for more rigorous applications in an aggressive environment, it is necessary to use preservative products that must be efficient against the intended disadvantages and must be discarded at the end of their useful life without presenting any environmental risk (Yona et al 2021). For purposes where the wood is not in a hostile environment, it is recommended to apply an appropriate coating, which when interacting and adhering to the wood substrate, will form a coating film that can extend the service life of the products, reducing the impact of degraders agents, providing changes in the visual aspect and preserving its original performance (Žigon 2021(Žigon , Gibbons et al 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evaluation of the incorporation of cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement in waterborne wood coatings

Naide

Cademartori

Nisgoski

et al. 2022

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The wood is exposed to possible damages caused by weather, requiring the application of a finishing coat to provide extra protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the addition of microfibrillated cellulose in waterborne varnish on the colorimetric parameters, wettability and finish characteristics of wood products. Color was evaluated with a CM-5 spectrophotometer; surface wettability was analyzed by contact angle measurement using a drop shape analysis goniometer; and abrasion, adhesion and impact tests were performed to evaluate the quality of the coating. The coating's optical characteristics were not affected by the addition of microfibrillated cellulose. The changes in wood wettability were small, with no statistical difference between the wood treated with plain varnish and that with unbleached microfibrillated cellulose. In the analysis of the variation of the contact angle during the elapsed time, the coating containing unbleached microfibrillated cellulose presented the best results. The results of finish quality did not show numerical changes after the addition of the microfibrillated cellulose, but qualitatively the microfibrillated cellulose caused better anchoring of the coating to the specimens. Therefore, the use of microfibrillated cellulose as reinforcement in coatings has potential, but tests with different consistencies and tests of other properties are necessary.

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Potentials of silicate-based formulations for wood protection and improvement of mechanical properties: A review

Cited by 30 publications

References 117 publications

Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity

Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity

Efficient and Durable Flame-Retardant Coatings on Wood Fabricated by Chitosan, Graphene Oxide, and Ammonium Polyphosphate Ternary Complexes via a Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Approach

Preliminary evaluation of the incorporation of cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement in waterborne wood coatings

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