Potentiometric Ion Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Bobacka, Johan; Ivaska, Ari; Lewenstam, Andrzej

doi:10.1002/elan.200390042

Cited by 264 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…PPy film preparation from solution containing SPADNS and pyrrole: [8][9][10] nPyrrole(aq) + SPADNS(aq) PPy/SPADNS(surf) …”

Section: Principles Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Numerous anionic ligands have been incorporated into a PPy matrix as functional dopants for the stripping analysis of metal ions. 8 The preparation of these functional PPy films is very simple, controllable and reproducible by electrochemical oxidizing pyrrole monomers in the presence of the target anionic reagents. 9 However, a major limitation lies in the high background currents typically encountered with modified PPy films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overoxidized Polypyrrole Doped with 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene Disulfonic Acid as a Selective and Regenerable Film for the Stripping Detection of Copper(II)

Mohadesi

Taher

2007

ANAL. SCI.

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Stripping voltammetry is a very sensitive method for the determination of many traces of metal ions and organic compounds. It achieves such fine levels of detection by combining an accumulation process with a voltage scanning measurement. 1,2 The universal working electrodes for stripping analysis are hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE) and electrochemically generated mercury film electrodes (MFE). 3 Recently, because of mercury toxic effects, there has been a growing interest in the use of chemically modified electrodes (CME) for trace metal stripping analysis. With this process, accumulation usually occurs by reactions between an analyte and an immobilized modifier at the electrode surface. [1][2][3][4][5] Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs), such as polypyrrole (PPy), can be used for the immobilization of complexing reagents for trace metal complexation/accumulation with voltammetric detection of the complexed metal.6,7 Numerous anionic ligands have been incorporated into a PPy matrix as functional dopants for the stripping analysis of metal ions. 8 The preparation of these functional PPy films is very simple, controllable and reproducible by electrochemical oxidizing pyrrole monomers in the presence of the target anionic reagents. 9 However, a major limitation lies in the high background currents typically encountered with modified PPy films. These currents mask the relatively smaller metal-chelate binding, thereby making metal detection difficult. 10One solution of this problem is to overoxidize PPy via the application of a high anodic potential in high-pH medias. [11][12][13] In the following section we present the ability of overoxidized polypyrrole (OPPy) film doped with an anionic complexing ligand, 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid (SPADNS, Fig. 1), to preconcentrate Cu(II) ions. SPADNS is an anion, and can thus be incorporated into a growing polycationic PPy film, and can also preconcentrate copper ions at an electrode surface by complexation. Experimental ChemicalsPyrrole (Fluka) was distilled under reduced pressure before use. SPADNS three sodium salt (Aldrich) was used as received. Other reagents were purchased from Merck and were of analytical grade. All aqueous solutions were prepared with double-distillated water. ApparatusElectrochemical measurements were made with a Metrohm multipurpose instrument Model 757. Working electrodes were 3 mm diameter platinum disks constructed in-house. The counter electrode was a platinum wire and the reference electrode was Ag/AgCl, both from Metrohm. A Metrohm pH meter, Model 710, was used for pH measurements. Film preparationPPy/SPADNS films were prepared potentiostatically by holding the potential at +0. Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P. O. Box 76175-133, Kerman, IranA conducting polymer modified electrode based on the incorporation of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene disulfonic acid, SPADNS, as an anionic complexing ligand into polypyrrole film during electropolymerizati...

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“…PPy film preparation from solution containing SPADNS and pyrrole: [8][9][10] nPyrrole(aq) + SPADNS(aq) PPy/SPADNS(surf) …”

Section: Principles Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overoxidized Polypyrrole Doped with 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene Disulfonic Acid as a Selective and Regenerable Film for the Stripping Detection of Copper(II)

Mohadesi

Taher

2007

ANAL. SCI.

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show abstract

“…Many reviews have been written on all-solid ISE. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] 2·1 Electrode potential of the PEDOT-E in the organic phase In the presence of a hydrophobic supporting electrolyte (C + A -) in O, the redox reaction of the PEDOT is expressed as…”

Section: Conducting Polymer-coated Electrode As An Electrode In the Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 summarizes the reactions of the PEDOT-E covered with an O membrane as the typical reactions of the conducting polymer-coated electrode. The interface between W and O is the analyzing interface where the potential response in the all-solid ISE [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or electrolytic extraction of the target ion in an electrolysis cell occurs. 13,14,[21][22][23][24][25] When the current for the transfer of the target ion at the W|O interface flows, the redox reaction of the PEDOT on the solid electrode occurs with the simultaneous doping-undoping of A -into the PEDOT.…”

Section: Conducting Polymer-coated Electrode As An Electrode In the Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Thin-layer Electrolysis Cell for Ion Transfer at the Liquid|Liquid Interface Using a Conducting Polymer-coated Electrode

et al. 2014

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“…The electrodes were initially dropcast with a layer of POT (10 -2 M in chloroform) in order to aid the conversion of ionic to electronic conductivity in accordance with previous works [34][35][36].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless radio frequency detection of greatly simplified polymeric membranes based on a multifunctional ionic liquid

Kavanagh

Hilder

Clark

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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Potentiometric Ion Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Cited by 264 publications

References 209 publications

Overoxidized Polypyrrole Doped with 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene Disulfonic Acid as a Selective and Regenerable Film for the Stripping Detection of Copper(II)

Overoxidized Polypyrrole Doped with 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(p-sulfophenylazo)-2,7-naphthalene Disulfonic Acid as a Selective and Regenerable Film for the Stripping Detection of Copper(II)

Improved Thin-layer Electrolysis Cell for Ion Transfer at the Liquid|Liquid Interface Using a Conducting Polymer-coated Electrode

Wireless radio frequency detection of greatly simplified polymeric membranes based on a multifunctional ionic liquid

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