Potentiometric RuO2–Ta2O5 pH sensors fabricated using thick film and LTCC technologies

The voltammetric response of platinum metal oxides is discussed with respect to novel pH sensors combining both miniaturization and stability. For practical applications in solutions of any kind, for example, in tap water and in domestic sewage, various interferences must be considered, such as chloride and reducing agents. This work clarifies the voltammetric behavior of RuO 2 electrodes in solutions of different pH values and ionic strengths.

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“…Their redox chemistry makes them attractive for applications such as pH sensors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and supercapacitors [4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides

Chalupczok¹,

Kurzweil²,

Hartmann³

2018

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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“…As a first step, the Ag paste (DuPont 5000) was printed on PET substrate, followed by annealing at 120 °C for 1 h. With this a strongly conductive flexible Ag electrode was obtained. [22] The FRE was characterized to measure their OCP response against a commercial GRE (Autolab, Netherland) and RuO 2 -based pH SE in a buffer solution of pH value 7. [11,33] The Ag electrode end was dipped for 1 min in sodium hypochlorite solution (Sigma-Aldrich).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For testing the performance of FRE, commercial GRE (Sigma Aldrich, UK) thick film rigid RE (RRE) [28] fabricated on alumina substrate and RuO 2 -based pH-sensing electrode were used. [22] The FRE was characterized to measure their OCP response against a commercial GRE (Autolab, Netherland) and RuO 2 -based pH SE in a buffer solution of pH value 7. The influence of bending on OCP of the FRE was evaluated by bending them (over radius of curvatures of 3, 5, and 7 mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Among these, the Ag|AgCl-based REs are common and more attractive because of easy fabrication, stable electrode potential, and their nontoxicity. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. [8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. Although both these types of REs have been shown to have good potential for wearable and disposable devices, they still have several limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flexible Printed Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications

Manjakkal

Shakthivel

Dahiya

2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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conventional glass-based REs (GREs) in emerging wearable systems. Besides being nonflexible, the GREs are fragile, and it is difficult to miniaturize and integrate them for multisensor applications. [4][5][6] The periodic filling of liquid KCl electrolyte needed in GREs also limits their use in continuous monitoring of health and water quality. [7,8] These limitations of current REs, along with the huge potential of flexible and wearable systems, [5,9] are driving the research toward miniaturized and flexible/wearable REs. Currently, there is no commercial RE that could meet the requirements for flexible electrochemical studies.In terms of the state of the art, various types of REs (Figure 1) have been explored for electrochemical applications. These include standard hydrogen electrode and saturated calomel electrodes (Hg|Hg 2 Cl 2 ), [10] Ag|AgCl, [11,12] and Cu|CuSO 4 . [13] Among these, the Ag|AgCl-based REs are common and more attractive because of easy fabrication, stable electrode potential, and their nontoxicity. [10,14,15] Conventional REs are fabricated on glass using AgCl coated Ag metal wire in a saturated KCl or enriched Cl − ion solution. [8,10,16] However, as discussed earlier, due to rigidity of glass, it is difficult to use GREs in emerging application such as wearables' systems. For this reason, Ag|AgCl-based thin [17,18] and thick film [19][20][21][22] REs have also been explored recently. Although both these types of REs have been shown to have good potential for wearable and disposable devices, they still have several limitations. For example, being a quasi-RE (i.e., absence of KCl layer), the majority of thin film REs exhibit fluctuations in the open circuit potential (OCP) while reacting with Cl − ions. [20] The unstable potential due to the decomposition of AgCl layer over a period of time is detrimental to the long-term operation of thin film REs. The absence of KCl in thin film REs also increases the issue of cross-sensitivity [23] and for this reason thick film RE have been explored. The thick film REs use KCl paste or polymer-KCl composites over AgCl electrode,. [20,21] A common issue with thick films REs is their short lifetime due to rapid decay of KCl layer. [20,21,24] Further, the polymer-based KCl layer in these REs require long setting-up time (more than 2 h) prior to use. These issues have been overcome in the current work through development of flexible reference electrode (FRE) based on thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl.The thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl-based FRE reported here has been developed with screen printing technique, which is known as a cost-effective electrode fabrication method. [25,26] The performance of FRE has been evaluated through electrochemical This work presents screen-printed thick film reference electrodes (REs) on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The ion-conducting channel of presented screen-printed thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl electrodes are made from a composite of glass-KCl powder. With this new formulation the REs exhibit negligible variation in the potential (±4 mV)...

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Smart Sensors for Monitoring pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, and Temperature in Water

Uppuluri

2023

Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality

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Potentiometric RuO2–Ta2O5 pH sensors fabricated using thick film and LTCC technologies

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides

Impact of Various Acids and Bases on the Voltammetric Response of Platinum Group Metal Oxides

Flexible Printed Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications

Smart Sensors for Monitoring pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, and Temperature in Water

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