Potentiometric titration of chloride in plant tissue extracts using the chloride ion electrode

Soil contamination caused by the NaCl used to de-ice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of nutrient disorders and death in urban trees. It is believed that polyisoprenoids may have a specific role in the adaptation of plants to adverse conditions and habitats; it is further believed that in the cell, they may exhibit a protective effect in response to biotic and abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on the content of prenol lipids in the leaves of Crimean linden (Tilia 'Euchlora'). The Cl content in the slightly damaged ("healthy") leaves averaged 0.96%, while that in the heavily damaged ("sick") leaves averaged 2.02%. The leaves of control trees contained on average 0.57% Cl. The Na contents in the healthy and damaged leaves were 208 mg/kg and 1038 mg/kg, respectively, and the Na content in the control areas was 63 mg/kg. A mixture of polyprenols consisting of four compounds, prenol-9, prenol-10, prenol-11 and prenol-12, was identified in the leaves of Crimean linden. This mixture was dominated by prenol-10 (2.16-6.90 mg/g). The polyprenol content was highest in the leaves of "healthy" trees (approximately 13.31 mg/g), was lower in the case of "sick" trees (approximately 9.18 mg/g), and was the lowest in the control trees (mean 4.71 mg/g). No changes were observed in the composition of the mixture of polyprenols under these conditions. The results suggest that polyprenols may affect the accumulation of Cl in leaves. This phenomenon is evidenced by the high content of prenols in the leaves of trees considered "healthy" but growing under conditions of increased soil salinity and the lower content of prenols in the leaves of the "sick" and control trees. It is advisable to further investigate the role of prenol lipids in the leaves of trees subjected to salt stress.

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“…Chlorine was determined by potentiometric titration using an ion-selective electrode and ion meter, Orion Star Plus (LaCroix et al 1970).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of the Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salt stress on prenol lipids in the leaves of Tilia 'Euchlora'

et al. 2014

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“…Cation and anion concentrations: Cation concentrations including Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were analyzed on an M410 flame photometer (Sherwood, UK). The concentrations of HCO 3 − and Cl − were measured using the methods of alkalinity titration and potentiometric titration [19], respectively. The duplicate samples were run on a regular basis, yielding RSDs less than 3%.…”

Section: Sample Measurement and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of HCO3 − and Cl − were measured using the methods of alkalinity titration and potentiometric titration [19], respectively. The duplicate samples were run on a regular basis, yielding RSDs less than 3%.…”

Section: Sample Measurement and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in a Large Agricultural River Basin in Arid Northwestern China

Liu

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The present study assessed the export of inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus within a large agricultural basin in arid northwestern China. Groundwater of various depths and river water along a 160 km reach were sampled during contrasting flow conditions. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and δ 13 C-DIC values indicate that lithogenic carbonate weathering was the main source of DIC in the basin. Discharge played an important role in regulating the amount and flowpath of nutrients mobilized from soils to the river. Ammonium was mobilized mostly by storm flows whereas the other nutrients were exported through both storm and groundwater flows. Hydrological events, occurring on only about 10% of the days for a year, were responsible for more than 40% of annual nutrient exports. Shallow groundwater was an important source of DIC and nitrate in river water within the alluvial plain, where groundwater discharges regulated their longitudinal variability along the river. According to a mixing model using δ 13 C-DIC and chloride, groundwater comprised 9-34% and 39-60% of river water at high discharge and baseflow, respectively. Together, our data highlight the importance of reducing storm runoffs and monitoring nutrient pollution within this large basin.

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“…Leaf Cl-concentration of acid-extracted, dry plant material was analyzed with an Orion chloride-specific electrode (12). A Perkin-Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used to assess Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plants were grown in an environmental chamber with 12-h day-night cycle, 25 C days and 15 C nights, 12 C dew point day and night, and a light intensity of 46 nE cm-2 s-' PAR. These growth conditions are typical of M. crystallinum's natural habitat and were found to favor CAM (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Salt Requirement for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in the Annual Succulent, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Bloom

1979

Plant Physiol.

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In experiments with the facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species, Mesembryanthemum crystailinum, only plants which received high levels of inorganic salts fixed substantial amounts of CO2 by the CAM pathway. Equivalent osmolarities of polyethylene glycol 6000 did not yield any CAM fixation. Plant water potential and turgor pressure had no detectable influence on the amount of CAM fixation. These observations rule out the possibility that the inorganic ions were acting as osmotic agents.Carbon dioxide and water exchange analysis showed that when water supply was not limiting, salt-deprived plants sustained higher reductive pentose phosphate cycle carbon fixation rates than salt-treated plants. Under water stress conditions, salt-deprived plants using only the reductive pentose phosphate cycle pathway assimilated less carbon and were less efficient in their water use than salt-treated plants using predominately the CAM pathway. These results support the hypothesis that the ability to use the CAM pathway reduces the capacity for reductive pentose phosphate cycle fixation but permits higher productivity in water-limited environments.In plants exhibiting the CAM pathway of carbon fixation, the relative amounts of CAM and C33 used for external CO2 assimilation may vary with water availability (1,10,15,27), day-night temperature differentials (11, 26), or photoperiod (16). Generally, conditions which increase water stress favor CAM because the water use efficiency of CAM is greater than that of C3 (17).Mesembryanthemum crystallinum shifts from primarily C3 fixation to primarily CAM fixation after a few days' exposure to high salt concentrations (23).This effect of high salt has been viewed as a result of increased osmotic stress (25). This species accumulates very large quantities of salt even when given unlimited access to nonsaline water (20, 23). This accumulation suggests a metabolic requirement for high levels of inorganic ions. In the following study, M. crystallinum was unable to sustain significant CAM fixation when salt levels in the growth medium were restricted. Moreover, the salt requirement for CAM provided an opportunity for comparing within a single population the relative merits of C3 and CAM fixation. (8). In nutrient solution culture, high levels of water stress are difficult to achieve without resorting to osmoticums. For these reasons, the selected growth medium consisted of equal parts potting soil and sand and the selected method for producing water stress was water deprivation. MATERIALSThe plants were grown in an environmental chamber with 12-h day-night cycle, 25 C days and 15 C nights, 12 C dew point day and night, and a light intensity of 46 nE cm-2 s-' PAR. These growth conditions are typical of M. crystallinum's natural habitat and were found to favor CAM (3).Watering and Experimental Treatments. The protocol for watering the plants ( Fig. 1) was that all plants received identical treatment but for a relatively short period. The initial 2-week drought period was to in...

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Potentiometric titration of chloride in plant tissue extracts using the chloride ion electrode

Cited by 148 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of salt stress on prenol lipids in the leaves of Tilia 'Euchlora'

Effect of salt stress on prenol lipids in the leaves of Tilia 'Euchlora'

Sources and Dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in a Large Agricultural River Basin in Arid Northwestern China

Salt Requirement for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in the Annual Succulent, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

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