Pouches of the pharynx and œoesophagus with special reference to the embryological and morphological aspects

Recurrent acute thyroid swellings because of pyriform sinus fistula

“…First described in 1933 by Raven [1], a persistent pyriform sinus represents rare remnants of the third and fourth pharyngeal arches [2]. Although initially there was disagreement as to the embryological origin of a fistula arising from the pyriform sinus, the anatomical relations and origins have been clarified [2,3].…”

Management of congenital fourth branchial arch anomalies: a review and analysis of published cases

“…The first published description of a branchial cleft lesion was in 1832 by Ascherson [2]. One hundred years later, Raven [3] reported a case of a pyriform sinus fistula, and Sandborn and Shafer [4] more recently described a branchial cyst of fourth pouch origin. Recurrent neck abscess and acute suppurative thyroiditis are described as the most common clinical presentations [5][6][7].…”

Pharyngeal diverticula: Observations on their evolution and treatment

“…I wish also to express my gratitude to Mr. R. J. BIBLIOGRAPHY The appended list of references is not complete; others will be found in the monograph of Holmgren (1946) and the communication of Raven (1933). A note is made of the points of especial interest in each paper.…”