Poultry as an Experimental Animal Model in Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Industry

Nassar, Farid S

doi:10.26717/bjstr.2018.02.000751

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although the relationship between the colonization in the chick ceca and the mammalian gut is unknown, the chick model still provides a relevant and natural host for Campylobacter infection. This new approach can also lend itself to identifying novel Campylobacter virulence factors, understanding host immune responses following infection with Campylobacter , screening for potential therapeutic agents, and developing vaccines relevant to the poultry industry and human health (Nedrud, 1999; Nassar, 2018). Lastly, the levels and persistence of infectious bacteria released in feces within the chick gastrointestinal tract monitored over time are important parameters when assessing the importance of waterfowl in transmission and exposure to zoonotic Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gallus gallus Model for Determining Infectivity of Zoonotic Campylobacter

Lye

Struewing²,

Gruber

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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To better understand public health implications of waterfowl as reservoirs for zoonotic sources of Campylobacter in recreational waters, we developed a Gallus gallus (chick) model of infection to assess the pathogenicity of environmental isolates of Campylobacter. This method involved exposure of 1-day-old chicks through ingestion of water, the natural route of infection. Viable Campylobacter from laboratory-infected animals were monitored by using a modified non-invasive sampling of fresh chick excreta followed by a passive polycarbonate-filter migration culture assay. The method was used to evaluate the infectivities of three laboratory strains of Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter lari), three clinical isolates of C. jejuni, and four environmental Campylobacter spp. isolated from California gulls (Larus californicus). The results revealed that chicks were successfully infected with all laboratory and clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp. through ingestion of Campylobacter-spiked water, with infection rates ranging from <10 to >90% in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, exposure of chicks with Campylobacter spp. isolated from Gallus gallus excreta also resulted in successful establishment of infection (≤90%). Each monitored Campylobacter spp. contained ≥7.5 × 104 CFU⋅g–1 of feces 7 days post-exposure. These results suggest that a G. gallus model can be used to assess infectivity of Campylobacter isolates, including gull and human clinical isolates. Use of an avian animal model can be applied to assess the importance of birds, such as the G. gallus, as potential contributors of waterborne-associated outbreaks of campylobacteriosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gallus gallus Model for Determining Infectivity of Zoonotic Campylobacter

Lye

Struewing²,

Gruber

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…A total of 76 male Cobb 500 chickens, recently hatched, were placed in broiler cages, in an environment at 32 °C and 75% relative humidity. We chose chickens as the experimental animal due to the similarity with humans regarding the deposition of abdominal fat 10 - 12 .…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Se empleó un total de 76 pollitos machos Cobb 500, recién eclosionados que fueron colocados en jaulas para pollos, en un ambiente a 32 ºC y 75% de humedad relativa. La elección del animal de experimentación responde a la similitud en la deposición de grasa corporal a nivel abdominal como ocurre en el humano (10)(11)(12) .…”

Section: Animalesunclassified

Efectos de fuentes de grasa sobre características del hígado y la morfometría intestinal en un modelo animal a temprana edad

Gutiérrez Zorrilla,

Bernuy-Osorio,

Zea Mendoza

et al. 2023

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del consumo de tres fuentes de ácidos grasos sobre el peso relativo, caracterización macroscópica y microscópica del hígado, y la morfometría intestinal en un modelo animal a temprana edad. Se utilizaron 76 pollitos distribuidos al azar, que recibieron una de las dietas (T1: 97,0% de dieta basal (DB) + 3,0% de material inerte, T2: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada, T3: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de aceite de quinua, y T4: 97,0% de DB + 3,0% de aceite de pescado) hasta el séptimo día de vida; luego se extrajeron muestras para los análisis correspondientes. Se encontró que, los animales que consumieron aceite de quinua (T3) o aceite de pescado (T4) tuvieron resultados favorables asociados a un menor peso del hígado y, una mejor absorción de nutrientes a nivel intestinal debido a mayores valores en la relación longitud del vello y profundidad de cripta; en comparación a la manteca vegetal parcialmente hidrogenada (T2). En conclusión, el aceite de quinua constituye una opción saludable de consumo y fuente alternativa al aceite de pescado.

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“…The egg is an important source of protein and contains phosvitin, which protects against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in human leukocytes (153), and ovotransferrin, which is used as growth inhibitor for cancer cell lines (154). Avian-derived cell lines are used for viral culture and are helpful in vaccine and recombinant protein production (155). Chicken has also been used as a xenotransplantation model for human stem cells (156), human multiple myeloma xenograft (157), and the production of human antibodies (158).…”

Section: Applications Of Chicken-genomics In Biomedical Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic resilience in chickens against bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens

Gul

Khan

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The genome contributes to the uniqueness of an individual breed, and enables distinctive characteristics to be passed from one generation to the next. The allelic heterogeneity of a certain breed results in a different response to a pathogen with different genomic expression. Disease resistance in chicken is a polygenic trait that involves different genes that confer resistance against pathogens. Such resistance also involves major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, immunoglobulins, cytokines, interleukins, T and B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are involved in host protection. The MHC is associated with antigen presentation, antibody production, and cytokine stimulation, which highlight its role in disease resistance. The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp-1), interferon (IFN), myxovirus-resistance gene, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2), and heterophile cells are involved in disease resistance and susceptibility of chicken. Studies related to disease resistance genetics, epigenetics, and quantitative trait loci would enable the identification of resistance markers and the development of disease resistance breeds. Microbial infections are responsible for significant outbreaks and have blighted the poultry industry. Breeding disease-resistant chicken strains may be helpful in tackling pathogens and increasing the current understanding on host genetics in the fight against communicable diseases. Advanced technologies, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, aid the development of resistant breeds, which would significantly decrease the use of antibiotics and vaccination in poultry. In this review, we aimed to reveal the recent genetic basis of infection and genomic modification that increase resistance against different pathogens in chickens.

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Poultry as an Experimental Animal Model in Medical Research and Pharmaceutical Industry

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

A Gallus gallus Model for Determining Infectivity of Zoonotic Campylobacter

A Gallus gallus Model for Determining Infectivity of Zoonotic Campylobacter

Efectos de fuentes de grasa sobre características del hígado y la morfometría intestinal en un modelo animal a temprana edad

Genetic resilience in chickens against bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens

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