“…Conversely, natural antioxidants are generally considered safe and increasingly preferred by consumers seeking clean-label products. Natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and rosemary extract, offer nutritional value, safety, and stability in food products (Feknous et al, 2023;Gutiérrez-Del-Río et al, 2021;Brewer, 2011;Pokorný, 2007). These compounds, rich in phenolics, vitamins, and carotenoids, not only act as antioxidants but also possess antimicrobial properties and in uence food avors and textures.…”