2013
DOI: 10.1177/2156869313500278
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Poverty and Awakening Cortisol in Adolescence

Abstract: The deleterious effects of poverty on mental and physical health are routinely argued to operate, at least in part, via dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, although empirical examinations connecting poverty with HPA axis functioning are rare. Research on the effects of timing of poverty is a particularly neglected aspect of this relationship. This study uses 15 years of prospective data from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to assess how exposure to poverty during… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…With regards to stress reactivity, we find evidence that removal from institutions after 1.5-2 years is associated with hypocortisolism, while the same is less apparent with earlier removal (Koss, Mliner, et al, 2016;McLaughlin et al, 2015). In a prospective study, cortisol levels among adolescent girls, but not boys were predicted by poverty during infancy and adolescence, but not childhood (McFarland & Hayward, 2014). Greater cortisol reactivity at age 16 years was found in youth who experienced more adversity during gestation and infancy, but not later in development (Bosch et al, 2012).…”
Section: Sensitive Periods For Programming the Hpa Axismentioning
confidence: 65%
“…With regards to stress reactivity, we find evidence that removal from institutions after 1.5-2 years is associated with hypocortisolism, while the same is less apparent with earlier removal (Koss, Mliner, et al, 2016;McLaughlin et al, 2015). In a prospective study, cortisol levels among adolescent girls, but not boys were predicted by poverty during infancy and adolescence, but not childhood (McFarland & Hayward, 2014). Greater cortisol reactivity at age 16 years was found in youth who experienced more adversity during gestation and infancy, but not later in development (Bosch et al, 2012).…”
Section: Sensitive Periods For Programming the Hpa Axismentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Translational models indicate that sex may moderate the effects of chronic stress on HPA axis function ( 57 , 65 ) and frontolimbic morphology ( 41 , 159 , 160 ), and sex differences have been found in some human studies ( 96 , 105 , 123 , 161 ). The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which is responsible for pubertal elevations in testosterone and estrogen, interacts with the HPA axis ( 13 , 162 ).…”
Section: Overall Summary and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Basal salivary cortisol has been measured in multiple ways including basal levels at particular times of the day and area under the curve (AUC) measures of total cortisol output over the course of the day. Neighborhood and family socioeconomic disadvantage have been linked with elevated basal cortisol in some studies ( 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ), lower basal cortisol in other studies ( 100 , 105 , 106 ), and no differences in basal cortisol in other studies ( 107 ) of children and adolescents ( Table S1 ). Similarly, socioeconomic disadvantage has been associated with greater AUC in some studies ( 7 , 108 ) but with lower AUC in other studies ( 109 , 110 ) and no differences in AUC in others ( 103 , 111 , 112 ) ( Table S2 ).…”
Section: Socioeconomic Factors and Hpa Axis Functioningmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The mean income for African American females is 45% ($25,234) of the national average, with 27% living below the federal poverty line in the preceding 12 months [16]. Female adolescents (n = 418, African American = 12%) living in poverty during infancy (< 1 year of age) had lower waking cortisol than those not living with poverty as infants [17]. African American women are more likely to live with environmental stress including violent crime, noise pollution (e.g., traffic), and vacant properties of all which are associated with alterations in cortisol response [3,4,6,18,19].…”
Section: Stress In Vulnerable Communitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%