Poverty and Covid-19: Rates of Incidence and Deaths in the United States During the First 10 Weeks of the Pandemic

Finch, W. Holmes; Finch, Maria E. Hernández

doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.00047

Cited by 188 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…16 It is very concerning that recent studies, however limited in number, identi ed that the same subpopulations had higher mortality and hospitalization rates of COVID-19. 17,18 This is consistent with prior studies that demonstrated lower education and income resulted in poor outcomes in other diseases. 15,[19][20][21] It is likely that the worse health outcomes of these disadvantaged subpopulations are the result of the lack of effective COVID-19 prevention and coping strategies stemming from the inadequate COVID-19 knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Knowledge of COVID-19 and Health Literacy Among Patients Seeking Care in an Emergency Department

Barry

Green

Payne

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundAs the US continues to experience a daily increase of COVID-19 cases, there is an urgent need to identify ways to improve individuals’ knowledge of COVID-19 to achieve effective prevention. To examine whether the knowledge of COVID-19 was associated with the general health literacy among patients in an emergency department, and to demonstrate whether patients’ primary source of COVID-19 information was associated with their COVID-19 knowledge.MethodsA sample of adults was collected in an urban ED. Patients’ knowledge of COVID-19 was measured by the agreement to 10 statements. Health literacy was measured by the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). Participants were also asked about their primary source of COVID-19 information, sociodemographics, comorbidities and familiarity with the healthcare system at baseline. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. ResultsThe average COVID-19 knowledge score was 7.09 (range 0-10) and BHLS score, 11.09 (range 3-15). About 43% obtained the information primarily from TVs, radios and newspapers, and 1/3 from social media and circles. The group with the primary source being internet searches and sites had the highest average COVID-19 knowledge score of 7.78. The BHLS and COVID-19 knowledge scores were positively correlated in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Education and income levels were statistically significant in the multivariate regression.ConclusionsTo better prevent further increases in COVID-19 transmission, community-based interventions can be more cost-effective when targeting sociodemographic groups that have lower general health literacy. In particular, individuals of low educational and with low income levels should be prioritized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Knowledge of COVID-19 and Health Literacy Among Patients Seeking Care in an Emergency Department

Barry

Green

Payne

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All regression models included cumulative test rates per 100 000 population. Given the variations in testing capacity and protocols for whom to test, both across states and within states over the study period, 20 changes in detected cases following SAHOs may be an artifact of changes in testing; therefore, controlling for level of testing is critical. Models included a quadratic time-trend measured in days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of State Stay-at-Home Orders and State-Level African American Population With COVID-19 Case Rates

2020

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Key Points Question Are stay-at-home orders and state-level proportion of African American residents associated with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates? Findings In this cross-sectional study including 3023 daily state-level observations from March to May 2020, results from multivariate regression models indicated that stay-at-home orders were associated with reductions in cumulative COVID-19 case rates. States with larger African American populations had higher COVID-19 case rates. Meaning These findings underscore the importance of stay-at-home orders in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to address racial disparities in rates of infection.

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“…While recent studies have documented greater COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates in U.S. counties containing higher proportions of non-White and socioeconomically disadvantaged residents, 10 , 11 , 12 research on the socio-spatial distribution of COVID-19 burdens has paid limited attention to PwDs. To address this gap, this article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and disability characteristics in the U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inequities in the distribution of COVID-19: An intra-categorical analysis of people with disabilities in the U.S.

Chakraborty

2021

Disability and Health Journal

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Background While recent reports suggest that people with disabilities (PwDs) are likely to be adversely impacted by COVID-19 and face multiple challenges, previous research has not examined if COVID-19 burdens are unequally distributed with respect to the disability characteristics of the U.S. population. Objective This article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and disability characteristics in the U.S. The objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. Methods This study integrates county-level data on confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering database with multiple disability variables from the 2018 American Community Survey. Statistical analyses are based on bivariate correlations and multivariate generalized estimating equations that consider spatial clustering in the data. Results Greater COVID-19 incidence rate is significantly associated with: (1) higher percentages of PwDs who are Black, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, below poverty, under 18 years of age, and female; and (2) lower percentages of PwDs who are non-Hispanic White, above poverty, aged 65 or more years, and male, after controlling for spatial clustering. Conclusions Socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs are significantly overrepresented in counties with higher COVID-19 incidence compared to other PwDs. These findings represent an important starting point for more detailed investigation of the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on PwDs and highlight the urgent need for COVID-19 data collection systems to incorporate disability information.

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Poverty and Covid-19: Rates of Incidence and Deaths in the United States During the First 10 Weeks of the Pandemic

Cited by 188 publications

References 17 publications

Knowledge of COVID-19 and Health Literacy Among Patients Seeking Care in an Emergency Department

Knowledge of COVID-19 and Health Literacy Among Patients Seeking Care in an Emergency Department

Association of State Stay-at-Home Orders and State-Level African American Population With COVID-19 Case Rates

Social inequities in the distribution of COVID-19: An intra-categorical analysis of people with disabilities in the U.S.

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