Epidemiological, clinical and police data show that significant tendencies of change can be observed in Hungary in the early nineties in the use and spread of illegal drugs. The black market has appeared with a wide range of drugs and retail forms of distribution are spreading. The social composition of drug users is changing and new forms of drug use are emerging. Mention must be made of heroin and cocaine sniffing and the growth of intravenous use. No HIV-positive case has yet been recorded among intravenous drug users. Public opinion is aware of the danger of drugs. Drug policy in Hungary is lagging behind the appearance of problems. Legislation on drug use has been modernised, but the related health regulations are lacking, as well as modern guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court which could assist in judicial practice. The Inter-ministerial Committee on Drug Affairs and the Hungarian Association on Drug Abuse and Addiction have been formed. In the field of drug prevention, one longitudinal effectiveness study has been conducted so far. A number of prominent paradigms and practical systems have appeared in therapy and in prevention policy.