Poverty eradication and income distribution in Malaysia

Ishida, Akira; Asmuni, Azizan

doi:10.1080/00472339880000191

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Different effects of non-farm incomes on income distribution in the rural sector of Malaysia were recorded in a number of studies (e.g. Fredericks and Wells, 1978;Ishida and Azizan, 1998;Shand, 1987;Siti Hadijah et al, 2012). Using the Gini coefficient and concentration ratio, most of the studies on income inequality conducted in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s focussed largely on the measurement of the level of inequality in terms of net paddy income, net farm income, and total household income.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exemplifying the case of households of a farming community in Sawah Sempadan, Selangor, income inequality was due to the differences in double cropping, landholding sizes, and the access into non-farm activities. Ishida and Azizan (1998) concluded that although most farmers in a granary area experienced an increase in income as a result of the Green Revolution, the unequal distribution of government subsidies in favor of large farms forced small farmers to find alternative sources of income. Therefore, the greater reliance of small farmers on off-farm employment has reduced income inequality.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The farmers, especially those producing paddy in the designated granary areas, have benefitted significantly from the Green Revolution. In line with their income diversification strategy, the farmers also participate in non-farm activities as a means of obtaining higher and more stable income for the family (Fredericks and Wells, 1978;Ishida and Azizan, 1998;Norsida and Sadiya, 2009;Shand, 1987;Siti Hadijah et al, 2012;Terano and Fujimoto, 2009). On the one hand, the Malaysian government's development strategies have successfully alleviated the poverty rates in the rural sector; but, on the other hand, the income inequality has worsened a few decades later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl

Nathan

Mohamad

2016

International Journal of Social Economics

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the structure of household income and examine the effects of non-farm incomes on the income distribution of farm households in a relatively developed rural area of the Malaysian rice bowl. Design/methodology/approach – The non-farm incomes were disaggregated into different components to determine the contribution of each income source to total household income and overall inequality. The income distribution and decomposition was examined using the Gini decomposition method. Findings – It was found that almost 71 percent of the households in the sample had at least one source of non-farm income. On average, non-farm incomes contributed about 33 percent to total household income. Non-farm wage employment was the dominant source of non-farm income, accounting for almost 26 percent of overall household income. The farm incomes, especially the paddy incomes were found to be the inequality-decreasing income source. The study also confirmed the proposition that the non-farm incomes were the inequality-increasing income source as they contributed up to 35 percent of the overall income inequality. Originality/value – Previous studies have found that non-farm incomes have different effects on income inequality of rural communities, especially those in the rice granary areas situated in less developed states of Malaysia, where poverty is still a problem. This study is significant because it identifies the effect of certain incomes on the overall income inequality among farm households in the granary areas located in a relatively developed rural area. The studied areas are characterized by an intensive paddy production and a rapid development in business and industrial activities, and hence, providing non-farm employment opportunities to the rural farmers. Therefore, this study shows the income structure and how farm and non-farm incomes affect the overall income distribution of the paddy farmers.

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Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl

Nathan

Mohamad

2016

International Journal of Social Economics

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“…In 1990, of the 10,500,000 acres of land under cultivation, 1,148,000 acres were for paddy and 7,907,000 for rubber and palm oil. However, because most of the rural farmers were Malays, it was important for political reasons to target them in the NEP poverty alleviation strategies (Ishida and Azizan 1998). As shown in Table 8.2, the incidence of poverty in 1970 for all ethnic groups was 49.3% of households.…”

Section: The Politics Of Poverty Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Politics of Preferential Development: Trans-global study of affirmative action and ethnic conflict in Fiji, Malaysia and South Africa

Ratuva¹

2013

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“…1 For example, according to the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the real wage index of production workers in animal husbandry and fishery below supervisory level increased by 40 percentage point from 2007 to 2014. 2 In Malaysia, which is a neighboring country of Indonesia, a rapid diffusion of labor saving technologies such as direct seeding and mechanization in ploughing and harvesting operations in rice sector have suppressed the rise in hired-in labor cost to some extent (Ishida and Asmuni, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting paddy farmers perception of utilizing agricultural machines in Indonesia

Pullaila¹,

Amrullah²,

Astuti³

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev

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This paper aims to identify factors affecting farmers' negative perception on utilizing rice transplanters and combine harvesters. To this end, data obtained from interview survey in the westernmost part of Java Island, Banten Province was analyzed, where agricultural labor wages increase at a faster pace as compared to other regions and a rapid diffusion of agricultural mechanization is anticipated. The estimation results of multiple regression models clearly show that majority of coefficients of three independent variables: farm size extension, and farming experience, are statistically significant and take negative values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the larger the farm size, the more training provided by the government extension office, and the longer farming experience, the lesser the negative perception on the use of transplanters and combine harvesters. Educational background (formal human capital formation), the number of family members (within-household labor endowment), and yield per hectare are not found to significantly affect farmers' negative perception. Considering the above estimation results, it seems that the government agricultural extension service plays a significant role in lessening farmers' negative perceptions on transplanters and combine harvesters and thereby facilitates agricultural mechanization to cope with the rapid rise in agricultural labor wages.

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Poverty eradication and income distribution in Malaysia

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl

Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl

Politics of Preferential Development: Trans-global study of affirmative action and ethnic conflict in Fiji, Malaysia and South Africa

Factors affecting paddy farmers perception of utilizing agricultural machines in Indonesia

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