Powassan Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnosis and Management

Pach, J.; Zubair, Adeel S.; Traner, Christopher; Falcone, Guido J; Dewey, Jeffrey

doi:10.7759/cureus.16592

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Efforts are currently underway to develop a vaccine against POWV. 144 – 146 A timeline of major arbovirus epidemics is provided in Figure 6 .…”

Section: Flaviviridae Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review

Srichawla,

Manan,

Kipkorir

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Background: Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health. Objectives: Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health. Methods: Sources of Evidence: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari. Eligibility Criteria: Original data including epidemiology, risk factors, neurological manifestations, neuro-diagnostics, management, and preventive measures related to neuroinvasive arbovirus infections was obtained. Sources of evidence not reporting on original data, non-English, and not in peer-reviewed journals were removed. Charting Methods: An initial pilot sample of 30 abstracts were reviewed by all authors and a Cohen’s kappa of κ = 0.81 (near-perfect agreement) was obtained. Records were manually reviewed by two authors using the Rayyan QCRI software. Results: A total of 171 records were included. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most frequently, including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, meningitis, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain often reveals subcortical lesions, sometimes with diffusion restriction consistent with acute ischemia. Vertical transmission of arbovirus is most often secondary to the Zika virus. Neurological manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome, include microcephaly, failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis often shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated albumin, and protein consistent with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Conclusions: Arbovirus infection with neurological manifestations leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for disease include living and traveling in an arbovirus endemic zone, age, pregnancy, and immunosuppressed status. The management of neuroinvasive arbovirus disease is largely supportive and focuses on specific neurological complications. There is a need for therapeutics and currently, management is based on disease prevention and limiting zoonosis.

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“…Efforts are currently underway to develop a vaccine against POWV. 144 – 146 A timeline of major arbovirus epidemics is provided in Figure 6 .…”

Section: Flaviviridae Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review

Srichawla,

Manan,

Kipkorir

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of fatal Powassan virus encephalitis among CLL patients. There is a case report of a single patient with CLL, not on treatment, who contracted Powassan encephalitis and survived, although he experienced significant morbidity, including aphasia and spastic paraplegia [13]. Other reports of neuroinvasive Powassan virus among the immunocompromised include a 67-year-old female receiving adjuvant chemotherapy following hemicolectomy [14], a 61-year-old male receiving adalimumab for Crohn's disease [15], and a 63-year-old male with follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab [16].…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%