Powder Injection Molding: Sinter-Hardening

Powder Metallurgy - Fundamentals and Case Studies

Kloc-Ptaszna²

2017

This chapter presents essential information concerning sintered tool materials containing carbides, i.e. high-speed steels and metal matrix composites, including sintered carbides and carbide steels. Gradient materials, whose properties change gradually according to their volume, are characterised. The results of investigations are presented in the final part into the structure and properties of newly developed sintered graded tool materials fabricated by the conventional metallurgy method from a mixture of high-speed HS6-5-2 steel powder and WC carbides. Investigations are described for four-layer materials, where the successive transition layers with a smaller and smaller volume fraction of tungsten carbide were constituted from the surface layer side, until a substrate layer containing high-speed HS6-5-2 steel only. The outcomes are described of structural examinations in a scanning and transmission electron microscope, an X-ray microanalysis and the results of density, porosity and hardness examinations of sintered gradient materials and the results of structure and hardness examinations of heat-treated materials.

“…Different coating deposition techniques are utilised to produce graded coatings [8,[44][45][46][47]. The most widespread ones include vacuum deposition (PVD, CVD).…”

Section: General Concept Of Sintered Gradient Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Characteristics Of Carbide-reinforced Sintered Tool mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Application of Gradient Sintered Carbide-Steels with HS6-5-2 Matrix

Powder Metallurgy - Fundamentals and Case Studies

Kloc-Ptaszna²

2017

“…EN HS 6-5-2/TetraC carbide-steel reaches the maximum density of 8.77 g/cm 3 after sintering at 1260°C. The density values were deliberately not referenced to the theoretical density of the material fabricated, which, based on the calculations, should be 8.69 g/cm 3 . A varying chemical composition of the sinter as a result of an increased concentration of carbon, dependent upon debinding and upon the nitrogen coming from the atmosphere during sintering and forming the carbonitrides, does not allow to determine accurately what should be its maximum density.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgy -Fundamentals and Case Studies 232mentioning

confidence: 99%

Powder Injection Moulding of Tool Materials and Materials Containing One-Dimensional Nanostructural Elements

Powder Metallurgy - Fundamentals and Case Studies

Matula²

2017

As modern manufacturing methods have been developing, the application methods of powders have changed, and they do not always have to be moulded prior to sintering. The powder injection moulding (PIM) method is suitable for large-lot and mass production; still, powder consumption is not too high. The metal injection moulding (MIM) is an advanced technology and not as developed as classical pressing and sintering but constantly and dynamically developing. The technology is developing towards micro-MIM, that is, production of very small parts for miniaturised devices. The chapter presents the overview of powder injection moulding as specialist powder metallurgy method and its application for fabrication of tool materials. Specially, the fabrication of high-speed steels and carbide-steels on their matrix by powder injection moulding is descripted. In last part of the chapter, the results of own investigations of the structure with nanostructural elements of high-speed steels and carbide-steels on their matrix fabricated by powder injection moulding are presented.

“…Advanced sintered tool materials, due to the character of their work and complex wear mechanisms to which cutting tool edges are subjected, should satisfy numerous requirements including, in particular, high hardness, high impact strength, resistance to complex wear (adhesive, diffusive, abrasive and thermal wear) and to high temperatures, high compressive strength, stretching, flexing and bending, high fatigue and thermal strength, good conductivity and thermal capacity, cutting edge stability and good ductility [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A tool material with universal applications should merge the mentioned properties as far as possible and especially the highest wear resistance and hardness with high strength and good ductility accompanied by chemical inertness towards the workpiece.…”

Section: General Characteristic Of Sintered Tool Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assumptions of this method are described in one of the preceding chapters. In the powder injection moulding (PIM) method [2,[6][7][8][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], a mixture of polymer (binder) and powders of inorganic materials is supplied to a cylinder equipped with a worm screw which, when rotating, is moving the heated mixture until the required volume of the fed material is achieved and a polymerpowder slip is sprayed into a moulding die. A brittle preform is subjected to further heating at a small rate and to long annealing for full or partial decarbonisation and then to sintering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of the Multicomponent and Nanostructural Coatings on the Sintered Tool Materials

Powder Metallurgy - Fundamentals and Case Studies

Pakuła²,

Gołombek³

et al. 2017

This chapter presents a general characteristic of sintered tool materials, in particular sintered sialons, nitride ceramics, injection-moulded ceramic-metallic tool materials and cemented carbides and a general characteristic of their surface treatment technology and especially chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques. The results of our investigations in technology foresight methods concerning the development prospects of surface engineering of sintered tool materials are presented. In the next subsection, we discuss the outcomes of multifaceted research carried out with advanced materials engineering methods, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, into the structure and properties of multicomponent, graded and multilayer coatings on the investigated tool materials, including the newly developed injection moulded ceramic-metallic tool materials. Special attention was drawn to a one-dimensional structure of the studied PVD and CVD coatings and its impact on the properties of coatings.Keywords: sintered tool materials, foresight, surface engineering, PVD, CVD, coatings, nanostructure General characteristic of sintered tool materialsPowder metallurgy has found widespread applications in the manufacture of sintered tool materials. Rapidly evolving techniques and technologies necessitate higher demands for sintered tool materials in terms of mechanical properties, among others wear resistance. Advanced sintered tool materials are witnessing constant advancements connected with fast © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.progress in materials engineering. Advanced sintered tool materials, due to the character of their work and complex wear mechanisms to which cutting tool edges are subjected, should satisfy numerous requirements including, in particular, high hardness, high impact strength, resistance to complex wear (adhesive, diffusive, abrasive and thermal wear) and to high temperatures, high compressive strength, stretching, flexing and bending, high fatigue and thermal strength, good conductivity and thermal capacity, cutting edge stability and good ductility [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. A tool material with universal applications should merge the mentioned properties as far as possible and especially the highest wear resistance and hardness with high strength and good ductility accompanied by chemical inertness towards the workpiece. Despite the intensive development of materials engineering, a tool material has still not been produced which fulfil such requirements due to a fundamental contradiction between such properties as hardness and ductility.As mentioned in the Introduction section, in general-in the group of sintered tool materialsone can distinguish super hard sintered materials, mixe...