Powder-phosphor screens combined with interference filters for X-ray imaging with increased brightness

Koch, Andreas; Rosenfeldt, Harald

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00491-x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…CsI (Tl) is one of the most commonly used scintillation materials in X-ray imaging. It has high light yield (54,000 photons/MeV), moderate density (4.51 g/cm 3 ) and low melting point (621 • C) [9,10]. The peak of its scintillation spectrum is 550 nm [9], which matches well with the optical sensitive band of many photoelectric devices with a pixel size smaller than 10 microns [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial resolution and light output of pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Inst.

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The effect of pixel size of CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template on spatial resolution and light output in X-ray imaging was investigated by using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code. The quantitative relations between the pixel size and the spatial resolution as well as the light output were obtained. The results reveal that the pixelated structure can largely improve the spatial resolution of the screen. It improves rapidly when the pixel size decreases from 60 μm to 10 μm. Unlike that of a conventional scintillation screen, the spatial resolution of the pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen isn't obviously deteriorated by increasing the thickness of the screen. As far as the relation between the spatial resolution and X-ray energy is concerned, the resolution does not change significantly with X-ray energy when the energy is less than 80 keV . When the X-ray energy exceeds 80 keV, the spatial resolution becomes sensitive to X-ray energy because the effect of Compton scattering cannot be neglected. The light output increases with the increase of the pixel size, but doesn't change significantly with the thickness of the screen when the thickness is three times more than the X-ray attenuation length. In addition, the angular distribution of the emitted scintillation light from the screen was studied. The maximum emission occurs at the angle about 46° relative to the normal direction of the screen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to detect an X-ray effectively, the thickness of the screen should be thick enough to absorb the X-ray. However, for a conventional scintillation screen, its spatial resolution decreases significantly with the increase of the thickness due to the lateral spreading of scintillation light [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial resolution and light output of pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

J. Inst.

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“…Generally, a good scintillator includes the following properties: (1) transforming a radiation wave to a detectable light by high scintillation effect; (2) linear transform; (3) the production of the detectable light is proportional to energy of the radiation wave; (4) including transparency and low self-radioactivity; and (5) short light-decaying time. [6,7] Moreover, various application fields demand different requirements to the scintillators on incident radiation energy (keV), reaction time (ms), thickness (μm), area (cm 2 ), and spatial resolution (1 p/mm). for example, crystallography:8-20 (keV), <0.5 (ms), 30-50(μm), 30×30 (cm 2 ), 10 (lp/mm); mammography: 20-30 (keV), <0.1 (ms), 100-150 (μm), 20×25 (cm 2 ), 15-20 (lp/mm); dental Imaging: 50-70 (keV), <1 (ms), 70-120 (μm), 2.5×3.5 (cm 2 ), 7-10 (lp/mm); nondestructive testing: 30-400 (keV), <0.1 (ms), 70-1000 (μm), 10×10 (cm 2 ), 5-10 (lp/mm); and Astronomy: 30-600 (keV), <0.05 (ms), 70-2000 (μm), 30×30 (cm 2 ), 4-5 (lp/mm), the detail physical characterizations of scintillator is in the table 1 [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fabrication of sub-micron size cesium iodide x-ray scintillator

et al. 2015

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The cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator can converts incident X-ray into visible light with very high conversion efficiency of optical photons. The incident energy, response time, film thickness, sample size, and spatial resolution require in engineering and medical applications are difference. A smooth and flat surface and single crystal structure of CsI enhance the X-ray to visible light conversion. However, the regular CsI is soft and extremely hygroscopic; it is very difficult to polish to obtain a smooth and optical flat plane. In order to obtain a good quality of CsI scintillator for X-ray application we used an ordering channel as template and formed sub-micron CsI wire in the template. The fabrication process including: (1) Ordering structure of nano or sub-micron channels were made by an anodization method; (2) fill CsI scintillated film on the channel by CsI solution, (3) fill CsI melt into the channel formation single crystal of sub-micron crystalline scintillator after solidification. The non-vacuum processes of anodization and solidication methods were used for the sub-micron CsI scintillator column formation that is cost down the scintillator fabrication. In addition, through the fabrication method, the ordering structure scintillator of scintillator can be made by anodic treatment and die casting technology with low cost and rapid production; moreover, the film oxidized metal tubes of the tubular template can be further manufactured to nano tubes by adjusting electrolyte composition, electrolysis voltage, and processing time of anodic treatment, and the aperture size, the thickness and the vessel density of the nano tube can be controlled and ranged from 10 nm to 500 nm, 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, and hundred million to thousand billion tube/cm 2 , respectively.

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Powder-phosphor screens combined with interference filters for X-ray imaging with increased brightness

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Spatial resolution and light output of pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template

Spatial resolution and light output of pixelated CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template

The fabrication of sub-micron size cesium iodide x-ray scintillator

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