Powder sandwich technique: A novel method for determining the thoron emanation potential of powders bearing high 224Ra content

Kanse, Sandeep; Sahoo, B. K.; Sapra, B.K.; Gaware, J.J.; Mayya, Y. S.

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.10.014

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the advantage of the present method is given especially to a sample that includes much higher 226 Ra activity than 224 Ra, if the emanation fractions are similar for both thoron and radon: for example, uranium mill tailings and uranium ores. In the opposite situation as 226 Ra<< 224 Ra, the measured radon emanation rate could be ignored as Kanse et al (2013) or should carefully be treated, whereas the thoron emanation rate is expected to be determined accurately. This is because much larger counts from thoron and its progeny are expected from Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the emanation test using the scintillation cell was also performed under the same level of humidity as well as temperature. The analysis of the buildup of thoron and radon concentrations provided by RAD7 to obtain thoron and radon emanation rates from the sample was basically in accordance with Kanse et al (2013) for thoron and Sakoda et al (2008) for radon. Measurement uncertainty (coverage factor k=1) was estimated by the Monte Carlo method (JCGM, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, Kanse et al (2013) reported a unique sample preparation for the emanation test, called "powder sandwich technique". However, their method was dedicated to only thoron and not to radon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, expanding the work of Kanse et al (2013), we propose a methodology to discriminatively determine thoron and radon emanation rates from a granular material using a flow-through scintillation cell and sandwich sample. This detector has a simple structure, and basically requires no accessory like desiccant (Lucas, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An approach to discriminatively determine thoron and radon emanation rates for a granular material with a scintillation cell

Sakoda

Meisenberg

Tschiersch

2016

Radiation Measurements

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A powder sandwich technique was applied to determine thoron (220Rn) and radon (222Rn) emanation rates for a granular material. The feature of this technique is the sample preparation, in which a granular material is put and fixed between two membrane filters. Airflow is directly given to this sandwich sample, will include thoron and radon emanated from the material, and then is transferred to the detector. This method makes sure that radon as well as thoron emanated is not retained in pore space within the sample volume, which is crucial for the appropriate emanation test. This technique was first introduced by Kanse et al. (2013) with the intention to measure the emanation of thoron-but not of radon-from materials having much higher 224Ra activity than 226Ra. In the present study, the methodology for the discriminative determination of thoron and radon emanation rates from a granular material has been examined using a flow-through scintillation cell and sandwich sample. The mathematical model was developed to differentiate total alpha counts into thoron-and radon-associated counts. With a sample of uranium ore, this model was experimentally validated by comparison between the scintillation cell and a reference detector that can discriminatively measure thoron and radon concentrations. Furthermore, the detection limits and uncertainties were evaluated to discuss the characteristics of this method. Key parameters for their improvement were found to be the background radon concentration and the leakage of radon from the measurement system, respectively. It was concluded that the present method is advantageous to a sample that has much higher 226Ra activity than 224Ra if the emanation fractions are similar between thoron and radon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An approach to discriminatively determine thoron and radon emanation rates for a granular material with a scintillation cell

Sakoda

Meisenberg

Tschiersch

2016

Radiation Measurements

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“…In a 15 min cycle, sampling pump is kept ON for initial 5 minutes which gives a measure of thoron and background, followed by a delay of 5 minutes which ensures near complete decay of thoron and then, last 5 minutes counting gives the measure of background counts for that cycle. ) inside the chamber using following equation 16,17 :…”

Section: Surface Exhalation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Radon and Thoron exhalation rate from soil of historical city Panipat, India

2018

IJCTR

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: Natural radioactivity exists everywhere on the earth and Uranium, thorium and potassium are the main source of radioactivity. Radon is the decay product of radium which depends upon the radioactivity in building materials. Radon exhalation rate from the building material is an important issue. The mass exhalation rate and surface exhalation rate have been estimated by means of SMART RnDuoin surface soil samples collected from the historical city Panipat and its surrounding areas.The mass exhalation rate and surface exhalation rate are varied from 14.82±0.3 to42.80±0.8mBq/kg/hand200.9 ± 61.5 to786.1 ± 116.8 mBq/m 2 /s with average value 31.5 ± 0.8 mBq/kg/h and 467.5 ± 162.6 mBq/m 2 /s, respectively.

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Radon and thoron exhalation rate in the soil of Western Haryana, India

Rani

Kundu

Garg

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

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This study, reports the exhalation rates of radon and thoron from surface soil collected from 60 rural sites of district Hisar, Haryana, India. The exhalation rates of Rn 222 (Radon)& Rn 220 (Thoron) were measured by portable SMART RnDuo (AQTEK SYSTEMS) using a mass accumulation chamber which is equipped with a scintillation material coated cell. Dose rate due to Natural gamma radiations ranged 0.526 to 1.139 mSv y − 1 . The Rn 222 mass exhalation rate in soil samples varied from 0.14 to 94.65 mBq kg − 1 h − 1 . Thoron surface exhalation rates ranged 46.42 to 619.88 mBq m − 2 h − 1 . This study give an idea about the differences in Rn 222 & Rn 220 exhalation at different locations which may be due to variations in geological structure of the locations and characteristics of the top soil.The ndings show that using soil of the study area as building material is safe.

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Powder sandwich technique: A novel method for determining the thoron emanation potential of powders bearing high 224Ra content

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

An approach to discriminatively determine thoron and radon emanation rates for a granular material with a scintillation cell

An approach to discriminatively determine thoron and radon emanation rates for a granular material with a scintillation cell

Assessment of Radon and Thoron exhalation rate from soil of historical city Panipat, India

Radon and thoron exhalation rate in the soil of Western Haryana, India

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