Power-amplifier characterization using a two-tone measurement technique

Survey of characterization techniques for nonlinear communication components and systems

“…The FTD measurement procedure covered in [17,18,19] are primarily employed as frequency converters between RF offers a significant improvement in speed and accuracy for and IF ranges in typical communication channels. The SSB FTDs, and is the only method known by our group second class, naturally termed double-sideband (DSB) FTDs, for the full characterization of DSB FTDs.…”

“…Here an amplitude phase ranging from single-tone sinusoids to complex, digitally keyed (APK) modulator is used as the source, with a digital modulated carriers. A review of LPE theory can be found pattern generator providing the artificialandrepetitivemdin the FTD characterization paper [18], as well as the ulation signal. In this case the more accurate MTA is used classical text [21].…”

“…Alternatively, both Hin (f) and Hout (f) can be made to have unity gain and zero phase at centerband, which once more is 18 K the less ambiguous approach.…”

Time-domain measurement and modeling techniques for wideband communication components and systems

“…As already discussed above, sinusoids cannot identify nonlinear systems, so that it is only by the continuity of the nonlinear PA operator that the model works adequately for relatively narrowband signals that are close to sinusoids. It should be noted here that there are variations on the simple theme of this model that include more dynamic versions of obtaining the nonlinear conversion curves (such as based on twotone and modulated signals instead of sinusoids; e.g., see [21,24]). Although these models should perform better, it will again only be attributable to the continuity of the nonlinear operator, not because of any formal system identification.…”

Hardware Implementation of a 16-QAM Modem Using Waveform Switching Technique

“…I and Q phases mismatch and the possible gain imbalances manifest itself in the form of spurious image signal generation 5 . Another form of error may appear due to cable length and propagation delay differences between the two quadrature channels.…”