Power characteristics of PV ensembles: experiences from the combined power production of 100 grid connected PV systems distributed over the area of Germany

Wiemken, Edo; Beyer, Hans-Georg; Heydenreich, W.; Kiefer, Klaus H.

doi:10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00146-8

Cited by 149 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, smoothing of fast power fluctuation at a local scale (4 km) is reported by Otani et al [7] and even larger smoothing was obtained when taking into account 100 systems spread over Germany [8]. However, considering the same space scale, wind power presents a higher smoothing effect of power fluctuation.…”

Section: The Smoothing Of Power Fluctuation and The Natural Complmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integration of renewable sources in the electric system using Virtual Renewable Power Plants

Rodrigues

Estanqueiro

2011

11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: The Smoothing Of Power Fluctuation and The Natural Complmentioning

confidence: 91%

Integration of renewable sources in the electric system using Virtual Renewable Power Plants

Rodrigues

Estanqueiro

2011

11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, as far as the study of power fluctuations is concerned, the number of studies made is even more limited. The literature available only includes measurements with a 5 minute resolution on 100 PV systems (243 kWp in total) in Germany [5]; data taken at 10 second and 1 minute intervals at a fixed 4.6 MWp system and measurements taken every 10 minutes at three 100 kWp plants in Arizona (USA) [6] and, finally, data recorded with a one minute resolution over a 3 month period on 52 PV systems in Japan, with an approximate mean power per system of 3.2 kWp [7].…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power output fluctuations in large PV plants

Marcos¹,

Marroyo²,

Lorenzo³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The power generated by large photovoltaic (PV) plants is of an intermittent nature, due to cloud passage, which can create considerable fluctuations in output. Therefore, if the penetration of PV power in the overall electricity system is high enough, these fluctuations could have a serious effect on the quality and safety of the power supply. This article aims to characterise these fluctuations and to look at the smoothing effect of the PV plant size and that of the geographical dispersion of the PV plants.

show abstract

“…For the average moving strategy, this restriction requires a minimum T of 2700 s, according to Equation (10). For the step-rate control, n = 120 (120 × 5 s = 10 min).…”

Section: A Comparison Of the Smoothing Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other countries such as Mexico, the regulations target greater restrictions, of around 1%/min-5%/min [2]. The speed and magnitude of these fluctuations are well-known and have been quantified not only with irradiance data [4][5][6][7][8][9] but also with power output measurements [10][11][12]. Likewise, the researchers [5,13,14] have demonstrated that the larger the PV system is, the lower the PV fluctuations are: typically, for this 1 min time window, a 1 MWp PV plant records fluctuations of up to 90%, a 9.5 MWp plant easily exceeds 70% [14], whilst a 45.6 MWp fluctuates by up to 33% [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Strategies to Smooth Short-Term Power Fluctuations in Large Photovoltaic Plants Using Battery Storage Systems

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The variations in irradiance produced by changes in cloud cover can cause rapid fluctuations in the power generated by large photovoltaic (PV) plants. As the PV power share in the grid increases, such fluctuations may adversely affect power quality and reliability. Thus, energy storage systems (ESS) are necessary in order to smooth power fluctuations below the maximum allowable. This article first proposes a new control strategy (step-control), to improve the results in relation to two state-of-the-art strategies, ramp-rate control and moving average. It also presents a method to quantify the storage capacity requirements according to the three different smoothing strategies and for different PV plant sizes. Finally, simulations shows that, although the moving-average (MA) strategy requires the smallest capacity, it presents more losses (2-3 times more) and produces a much higher number of cycles over the ESS (around 10 times more), making it unsuitable with storage technologies as lithium-ion. The step-control shown as a better option in scenery with exigent ramp restrictions (around 2%/min) and distributed generation against the ramp-rate control in all ESS key aspects: 20% less of capacity, up to 30% less of losses and a 40% less of ageing. All the simulations were based on real PV production data, taken every 5 s in the course of one year (2012) from a number of systems with power outputs ranging from 550 kW to 40 MW. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 6594

show abstract

Power characteristics of PV ensembles: experiences from the combined power production of 100 grid connected PV systems distributed over the area of Germany

Cited by 149 publications

References 1 publication

Integration of renewable sources in the electric system using Virtual Renewable Power Plants

Integration of renewable sources in the electric system using Virtual Renewable Power Plants

Power output fluctuations in large PV plants

Control Strategies to Smooth Short-Term Power Fluctuations in Large Photovoltaic Plants Using Battery Storage Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About