Power Converter Topologies for Electrolyzer Applications to Enable Electric Grid Services

Nguyen, Bang Le-Huy; Panwar, Mayank; Hovsapian, Rob; Nagasawa, Kazunori; Vu, Tuyen

doi:10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589044

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, galvanic isolation is required for protecting the electrolyzer from stray currents. Additionally, the power conversion should not present an adverse impact on the grid, according to grid codes [37].…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of MVDC grids for the production of green hydrogen

Larruskain¹,

Eguia²,

Iturregi³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Green hydrogen production from renewable energy sources has a big potential to reduce energy dependence on fossil fuel, contributing to the global goal set by the international community of net zero emissions by 2050. Electrolyzers are connected to grid with power stages that can be designed as active devices with high control capability and a remarkably fast operation. Nevertheless, in the present, they must overcome some challenges in order to ensure a reliable operation. This paper addresses the concept of protection of DC grids with electrolyzers fed from renewable energy sources. The topologies of the grid are discussed as well as protection features and fault clearing strategies. A new dynamic model for multi megawatt PEM electrolyzer is introduced. Finally, a case study with a PEM electrolyzer in a MVDC system is included.

show abstract

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of MVDC grids for the production of green hydrogen

Larruskain¹,

Eguia²,

Iturregi³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If one PEMEL M + 1 is installed, once again the virtual capacitors of all the M + 1 PEMELs have to be updated. The new equivalent virtual resistors R ′ P eq is calculated as (13) for M + 1 PEMELs. The new equivalent capacitor is equal to: are calculated as:…”

Section: B Frequency Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Dynamic Power Sharing Control for Frequency Regulation Using Hybrid Hydrogen Electrolyzer Systems

Agredano-Torres,

Zhang,

Söder

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen electrolyzers are promising tools for frequency regulation of future power systems with high penetration of renewable energies and low inertia. This is due to both the increasing demand for hydrogen and their flexibility as controllable load. The two main electrolyzer technologies are Alkaline Electrolyzers (AELs) and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELs). However, they have trade-offs: dynamic response speed for AELs, and cost for PEMELs. This paper proposes the combination of both technologies into a Hybrid Hydrogen Electrolyzer System (HHES) to obtain a fast response for frequency regulation with reduced costs. A decentralized dynamic power sharing control strategy is proposed where PEMELs respond to the fast component of the frequency deviation, and AELs respond to the slow component, without the requirement of communication. The proposed decentralized approach facilitates a high reliability and scalability of the system, what is essential for expansion of hydrogen production. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated in simulations and experimental results.

show abstract

“…The switching frequency and filter inductance of the interleaved converter are determined by (7). Note that according to the equation, this switching frequency and filter inductance can actually be reduced further, and it is also possible to reduce the filter inductance by increasing the switching frequency.…”

Section: Simulation Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical hydrogen production system based on renewable energy is illustrated in Figure 1. The electrolyser is a hydrogen production device powered by a low voltage, high current DC source [7]. Therefore, there is a need for an AC-DC rectifier to connect the electrolyser to the AC bus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐ripple high‐efficiency AC‐DC rectifier with auxiliary compensator for hydrogen production

Zhang

Han

Bao

et al. 2023

IET Power Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In hydrogen production, AC‐DC rectifiers must provide a high current and low voltage to the production load. This paper focuses on the efficient performance and elimination of the output ripple in these AC‐DC rectifiers. Unfortunately, efforts to reduce the current ripple often lead to lower efficiency, causing a contradiction. To address this issue, a low‐ripple high‐efficiency AC‐DC rectifier with an auxiliary compensator is proposed in this paper. The proposed rectifier can maximise efficiency while eliminating the current ripple, including the switching ripple and low‐frequency ripple. By incorporating a rectifier‐chopper and a buck circuit with a series‐connected capacitor, the auxiliary compensator, the solution provides an additional flow path for the current ripple at the rectifier output, successfully preventing the ripple from being output to the load. This paper offers a thorough exposition regarding the causative factors and sources of the switching and low‐frequency ripple. Furthermore, a detailed explication of the operating principle of the proposed rectifier system is provided. The losses and costs associated with auxiliary compensators are then analysed for persuasive purposes. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and superiority of the proposed rectifier.

show abstract

Power Converter Topologies for Electrolyzer Applications to Enable Electric Grid Services

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Protection of MVDC grids for the production of green hydrogen

Protection of MVDC grids for the production of green hydrogen

Decentralized Dynamic Power Sharing Control for Frequency Regulation Using Hybrid Hydrogen Electrolyzer Systems

Low‐ripple high‐efficiency AC‐DC rectifier with auxiliary compensator for hydrogen production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About