Power converters for battery energy storage systems connected to medium voltage systems: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Recent works have highlighted the growth of battery energy storage system (BESS) in the electrical system. In the scenario of high penetration level of renewable energy in the distributed generation, BESS plays a key role in the effort to combine a sustainable power supply with a reliable dispatched load. Several power converter topologies can be employed to connect BESS to the grid. There is no defined and standardized solution, especially for medium voltage applications. This work aims to carry out a literature review on the main converter topologies used in BESS and highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of each one. The topologies used for each conversion stage are presented and their combinations are analyzed. In addition, the different services that BESS can carry out when connected to the distribution system are analyzed in order to demonstrate all the main contributions to the electrical systems. Finally, a case study is performed to compare and analyze the converter topologies for BESS, considering some aspects such as efficiency, power quality and number of components.

Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Inertial and Primary Frequency Control

“…This also allows control strategies to operate in parallel and ES converters to share the same dc link, grid converter, and LC filter in a hybrid solution, which may help to reduce equipment costs, volume, and weight (Rocabert et al, 2019). Not least, ESSs may require more complex and robust configurations for the grid converter and consider aspects such as operating costs, efficiency, reliability, power quality, and others, as discussed by Xavier et al (2019). However, note that these considerations will not affect the rated energy of ES devices nor the rated power of their converters, which are the variables being focused in the procedure presented in this paper.…”

A Review of Modeling, Management, and Applications of Grid-Connected Li-Ion Battery Storage Systems

“…It should be noted that, for the sake of brevity, only representative power electronic converters for BESSs are reviewed. More details and comprehensive reviews on power converters can be found in [13] and [153]. BESSs need to actively participate in electricity markets to not only realize various functions and services such as capacity reserve and frequency/voltage regulation that they can provide but also to compensate for their relatively high initial investment costs.…”

Technique for stability enhancement of microgrids during unsymmetrical disturbances using battery connected by single‐phase converters

“…1) with three single‐phase converters is presented in principle, in order to emphasise the possibility of independent control of power in each phase. The usual schemes of connecting BESS to the distribution network mostly include three‐phase converters of different topologies [33]. Generally speaking, а proposed solution based on three single‐phase interface battery converters (grid converters) has disadvantages such as higher cost and losses and lower power density.…”

“…Unlike the proposed technique, the existing models for the enhancement of stability include only the three-phase control and elements [7,8,10,13,14,16,17,[22][23][24]32], except in the case of single-phase systems [21], whose actual application is limited to low-voltage networks. Practically all existing techniques of centralised control that are applied in medium voltage assume the use of three-phase converters topologies [33]. Such converter topologies do not provide a solution to the problem of unsymmetrical disturbances.…”