Power Delivery Design and Analysis of 14nm Multicore Server CPUs with Integrated Voltage Regulators

Fabrication, characterization and comparison of composite magnetic materials for high efficiency integrated voltage regulators with embedded magnetic core micro-inductors

“…Recently, air-core inductors for IVRs were reported with on-chip planar spiral inductors in a fourth-order LC low-pass filter [5] and a 3D Integrated fan-out (InFO) rectangular inductor using thick copper vias through the InFO (TIV) [6]. A small area air-core inductor has been shown [5] compared to [1,4,7,8], but the FIVR peak efficiency was relatively low due to the inductor AC losses dominated by the proximity effect and substrate coupling. A high peak power efficiency, 93%, was predicted at a high switching frequency [6], however, the achieved inductance density was still relatively small compared to other studies [1,4,5,8].…”

“…A small area air-core inductor has been shown [5] compared to [1,4,7,8], but the FIVR peak efficiency was relatively low due to the inductor AC losses dominated by the proximity effect and substrate coupling. A high peak power efficiency, 93%, was predicted at a high switching frequency [6], however, the achieved inductance density was still relatively small compared to other studies [1,4,5,8]. By using a low-loss magnetic material and switching at high frequency, the specific inductance can be increased.…”

Optimum Phase Count in a 5.4-W Multiphase Buck Converter Based on Output Filter Component Energies

“…Generally, the multiphase topology shown in Fig. 1 is a good solution for improving light-load converter efficiency, where phases can be switched OFF as required to reduce perphase quiescent power loss [1], [2]. Furthermore, multi-MHz switching enables size reduction in the required passive components, particularly important for the inductors, as they are usually the biggest components in converters.…”