Thioether polymers are fundamental for a variety of applications.
Their synthesis is, however, more challenging than that of other metal-catalyzed
reactions due to the reported detachment of the S atom during thermal
activation. In this study, it has been demonstrated unambiguously
that thermal annealing results in the thioetherification of the 4-bromo-4-mercaptobiphenyl
molecule (Br-MBP) adsorbed on the surface of Au(111). Through complementary
techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy, spectroscopy, and
first-principle calculations, we have identified four reaction steps,
involving sulfhydryl or bromine molecular functional groups and leading
to the formation of intermolecular C–S bonds. To form the thioether
polymer and to overcome the competitive formation of C–C bonds,
two reaction steps, the dehalogenation, and dissociation of the S–Au
bond, must occur simultaneously. We detail the electronic properties
of the phenyl–sulfur bond and the polymer as a function of
the ligand length. This result suggests a wider perspective of this
chemical synthesis.