Power Distribution in Complex Environmental Negotiations: Does Balance Matter?

The Importance of Defining Technical Issues in Interagency Environmental Negotiations

“…Third, parties wanted to negotiate when they perceived a shared feeling of heightened risk and responsibility. Finally, we found (Burkardt, Lamb, & Taylor, 1997) that a balance of power among the parties promoted negotiation. What kind of monitoring was agreed to?…”

THE LEGAL‐INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS MODEL AND WATER POLICYMAKING IN A BI‐NATIONAL SETTING1

“…The second major trend of the data is that all actors representing organizations from New Mexico were scored as Guardians. Guardians generally tend to defend the manner in which water has traditionally been managed (Lamb et al, 1997). This was also true of the role play data.…”

“…The third trend is that all Mexican actors that were analyzed consider themselves to be Advocates. Advocates generally desire change in the way water has traditionally been managed and Mexico's position on the whole comes as no surprise (Lamb et al, 1997). Many Mexican actors consider the 1906 treaty regulating river allocation to be unfair.…”

“…On the other hand, Brokers are organizations that have the ability to foster negotiation and bargaining. Brokers tend to use a variety of tools and a keen understanding of political considerations to guide decision making so that a balance of power among actors is maintained (Burkardt et at., 1997). Agency roles also have been shown to be consistent over time, either in advocacy or as guardians of the status quo (Allison, 1971; Doerksen and Lamb, 1979).…”

The International Studies Encyclopedia

“…These studies focused on practical problems when it comes to federal and state government policies concerned with energy security. Researchers analyzed various policy questions, like the nature of energy security policy making in the US's or EU's political system (Moe 1979;Matláry 1997); the tension between federalism and state-level policy making in the energy policy context (Light 1976;; the nature of the relationship and negotiations between different federal agencies and inter-organizational conflicts on energy issues (Molnar and Rogers 1979;Burkardt et al 1997); science and federal funding issues for energy research (Lambright 1998); and more at the macro level, discussions about expanding federal agencies and creating new organizations (e.g., High Energy Administration or the Energy Commission) to coordinate energy policies (Keenan 1968;Tribus 1975). These studies focus on domestic decision making, the administrative, coordination and financial sides of the issue, and tend to ignore the international side of the energy security coin.…”