Power flow and transmission loss analysis of modular multi‐level converter based multi‐terminal high‐voltage DC systems

Zhang, Yuanze; Ravishankar, Jayashri; Fletcher, John

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0449

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Taking into account this topic, European Union has announced some documentation, mainly regarding the legislation of voltage values [33]. In this context, several works are ongoing for hybrid AC/DC grids applied to ancillary services [34], power-flow control within the unified and sequential models [35], advanced hierarchical control [36], management and regulation strategies [37], innovative schemes concerning generation [38], and voltage levels when comparing AC with DC grids [39].…”

Section: Hybrid Ac/dc Smart Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Front-End AC/DC Converters in Hybrid AC/DC Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

Monteiro

Franco

et al. 2021

Electronics

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Electrical power grids are rapidly evolving into smart grids, with smart homes also making an important contribution to this. In fact, the well-known and emerging technologies of renewables, energy storage systems and electric mobility are each time more distributed throughout the power grid and included in smart homes. In such circumstances, since these technologies are natively operating in DC, it is predictable for a revolution in the electrical grid craving a convergence to DC grids. Nevertheless, traditional loads natively operating in AC will continue to be used, highlighting the importance of hybrid AC/DC grids. Considering this new paradigm, this paper has as main innovation points the proposed control algorithms regarding the role of front-end AC/DC converters in hybrid AC/DC smart homes, demonstrating their importance for providing unipolar or bipolar DC grids for interfacing native DC technologies, such as renewables and electric mobility, including concerns regarding the power quality from a smart grid point of view. Furthermore, the paper presents a clear description of the proposed control algorithms, aligned with distinct possibilities of complementary operation of front-end AC/DC converters in the perspective of smart homes framed within smart grids, e.g., enabling the control of smart homes in a coordinated way. The analysis and experimental results confirmed the suitability of the proposed innovative operation modes for hybrid AC/DC smart homes, based on two different AC/DC converters in the experimental validation.

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Section: Hybrid Ac/dc Smart Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Front-End AC/DC Converters in Hybrid AC/DC Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

Monteiro

Franco

et al. 2021

Electronics

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“…Power flow and transmission losses are scrutinized in Zhang et al for MMC‐based multiterminal DC (MTDC) system with various network topologies such as star, ring‐shaped mesh, and wind farm ring topology. A new approach for computing the transmission line losses is also developed.…”

Section: Application Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Kurtoğlu

Eroğlu

Arslan

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are frequently preferred for medium and high power energy conversion systems thanks to their modular structure and high quality output waveform. The remarkable studies related to the MMC have been carried out in recent years, which are mainly focused on its topology, control, or application. In this paper, MMC circuit topologies consisting of traditional submodule cells and new proposed configurations are introduced, and their control process, modulation techniques, and application areas are discussed in order to provide the readers the current state of the art of MMC technology. A wide part of this article is devoted to demonstrate the recent contributions arising in MMC studies. In this context, this paper not only outlines the circuit topology, control objectives, and applications of the MMC but also presents a comprehensive review, principally in terms of the latest developments of it. Ultimately, detailed proposals and new possible topics are provided to drive future expectations of MMC technology.

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“…in order to state the condition for stability, as follows: Theorem 1: (Vector Lyapunov stability theorem): Assume a composite system composed of stable subsystems as described by (17) and (18), with the bounds c i j , b i j , and P gen, i as described above. If all eigenvalues of the matrix S have positive real parts, the overall system is stable [17].…”

Section: Isolated and Connective Stabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MTDC transmission losses are negligible. This assumption is sensible because MTDC transmission losses are shown to be very small compared to the transferred power [18]. All inter‐agent communication delays can be aggregated into an effective value

τ

and is approximated by a first‐order transfer function

false(1 / false(s τ + 1 false) false)

.…”

Section: System Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐agent based intelligent frequency control in multi‐terminal dc grid‐based hybrid ac/dc networks

Musa

Sabug

Ponci

et al. 2018

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This paper proposes a novel control scheme for frequency support in MTDC grid-based hybrid ac/dc networks. This control is based on the multi-agent system (MAS) paradigm with an adaptive frequency droop control, and is distributed in all grid-tied converters. The objective of this control is to enable the ac grids to intelligently decide on their participation on frequency support, considering their power reserves, demand, and relevant technical constraints and requirements. The main achievement of the proposed control is to minimize the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency undershoot (f nadir), and also providing a systematic enhancement in frequency stability, particularly in the disturbed and weak ac grids. A stability analysis is performed for the proposed control, using vector Lyapunov method for interconnected systems, deriving the conditions for stable operation. Test scenarios are conducted on a modified 7-terminal C IGRE g rid, c onnecting fi ve ac gr ids. Re sults un der di fferent scenarios show the performance and robustness of the proposed control in providing significant enhancement in frequency regulation for the connected ac grids. Nomenclature Symbol Description f nom,i Nominal frequency of ac grid i ∆f i Frequency deviation from f nom,i ∆f max,i Maximum instantaneous ∆f i P gen,i Synchronous generation in ac grid i P mtdc,i Wind power delivered to ac grid i P dem,i Power demand in ac grid i P crit,i Critical power demand for ac grid i f H (P dem,i) Probability density function of power demand in ac grid i at hour of day H a i Agent representing ac grid i G Graph for multi-agent ecosystem N i Set of immediate neighbors of a i R i Set of requesting agents to a i V Set of agents in MTDC grid P req,ij Power request from a i to a j P supp,ji Power support from a j to a i (as a reply to the request P req,ij

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Power flow and transmission loss analysis of modular multi‐level converter based multi‐terminal high‐voltage DC systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

The Role of Front-End AC/DC Converters in Hybrid AC/DC Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

The Role of Front-End AC/DC Converters in Hybrid AC/DC Smart Homes: Analysis and Experimental Validation

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Multi‐agent based intelligent frequency control in multi‐terminal dc grid‐based hybrid ac/dc networks

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