Power generation by coupling reverse electrodialysis and ammonium bicarbonate: Implication for recovery of waste heat

Optimization of membrane stack configuration for efficient hydrogen production in microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells coupled with thermolytic solutions

“…2 M), a NH 4 HCO 3 solution of 1.7 M was used (conductivity of 103 mS/cm) as the HC solution. The LC solution was prepared by dilution of the HC solution with distilled water to produce a salinity ratio of 75 (Luo et al, 2012). …”

“…The use of these natural waters also requires substantial and energy intensive pre-treatment to minimize membrane fouling . To avoid these limitations, thermolytic solutions (Elimelech and Phillip, 2011) such as ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ), have been proposed as the source of the salinity gradient energy for RED stacks Luo et al, 2012;Nam et al, 2012). With a thermolytic solution the ionic species can be volatilized and captured into HC solutions at temperatures below that needed to boil water.…”

Hydrogen production from continuous flow, microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells treating fermentation wastewater

“…Thermolytic salt solutions, such as ammonium bicarbonate Elimelech and http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.088 0960-8524/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Phillip, 2011;Luo et al, 2012;Nam et al, 2012), can be used in the stack to provide salinity gradient energy. These thermolytic solutions can be used to regenerate HC and LC solutions in closedloop systems using low grade waste heat and conventional distillation systems.…”

Parametric study of reverse electrodialysis using ammonium bicarbonate solution for low-grade waste heat recovery

“…1 [16]. It is essentially a combination of thermal separation process and reverse electrodialysis (RED) process, which generates electrical power from mixing two solutions of different concentrations.…”