Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Dense Silica Membranes for Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems

Lee, Sang Woo; Kim, Hyun Jung; Kim, Dong-Kwon

doi:10.3390/en9010049

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Note that even when the external bulk solutions have equal salt concentration, concentration polarization due to current or flow leads to a concentration difference between the pore ends [10]. The full capillary pore model therefore allows us to describe reverse electrodialysis, a membrane process to extract electrical energy from salinity differences, e.g., between river water and seawater [3,[49][50][51][52][53]. We provide numerical results for energy conversion, and of two-dimensional (axisymmetric) current profiles for pores with EDL overlap in the presence of an overall salt concentration difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

et al. 2016

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We revisit the classical problem of flow of electrolyte solutions through charged capillary nanopores or nanotubes as described by the capillary pore model (also called "space charge" theory). This theory assumes very long and thin pores and uses a one-dimensional flux-force formalism which relates fluxes (electrical current, salt flux, and fluid velocity) and driving forces (difference in electric potential, salt concentration, and pressure). We analyze the general case with overlapping electric double layers in the pore and a nonzero axial salt concentration gradient. The 3×3 matrix relating these quantities exhibits Onsager symmetry and we report a significant new simplification for the diagonal element relating axial salt flux to the gradient in chemical potential. We prove that Onsager symmetry is preserved under changes of variables, which we illustrate by transformation to a different flux-force matrix given by Gross and Osterle [J. Chem. Phys. 49, 228 (1968)]. The capillary pore model is well suited to describe the nonlinear response of charged membranes or nanofluidic devices for electrokinetic energy conversion and water desalination, as long as the transverse ion profiles remain in local quasiequilibrium. As an example, we evaluate electrical power production from a salt concentration difference by reverse electrodialysis, using an efficiency versus power diagram. We show that since the capillary pore model allows for axial gradients in salt concentration, partial loops in current, salt flux, or fluid flow can develop in the pore. Predictions for macroscopic transport properties using a reduced model, where the potential and concentration are assumed to be invariant with radial coordinate ("uniform potential" or "fine capillary pore" model), are close to results of the full model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

et al. 2016

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“…Such potential differences obtained through nanofluidic membranes are attributed to the concentration gradient-driven selective cation transport across the membranes. 35 The equilibrium power outputs across the membranes were calculated by using eq 1 to be 2.85, 1.46, and 1.2 W m –2 for 20, 30, and 50% HA, respectively, which are around 50% higher than those reported earlier for graphene oxide membranes. 36 where V m and I 0 are the membrane potential and zero-volt current, respectively, and A is the diffusive membrane area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Reconstruction of Soil Components into Multifunctional Freestanding Membranes

et al. 2019

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Multifunctional freestanding membranes are prepared by tuning the structure of ubiquitous soil components, viz. clay and humic acids. Cross-linking of exfoliated clay layers with purified humic acids not only conferred mechanical strength but also enhanced chemical robustness of the membranes. The percolated network of molecularly sized channels of the soil membranes exhibits characteristic nanofluidic phenomena. Electrical conductivity is induced to otherwise insulating soil membranes by heating in an inert atmosphere, without affecting their nanofluidic ionic conductivity. The soil membranes also provided a new platform to prepare and study mixed conducting materials. Strips of heated membranes are shown to exhibit excellent sensitivity toward NH 3 gas under atmospheric conditions.

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“…Most of current osmotic energy conversion devices are based on the artificial solid‐state porous membranes. These membranes can be made of various materials, such as polymer, [ 127,128 ] silica, [ 129,130 ] graphene oxide, [ 131 ] and alumina membranes. [ 132 ] For example, the power densities generated from the single polymer membranes are generally in the range of 2–20 W m −2 , with pores size from 10 nm to 50 nm.…”

Section: Hydroelectric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrohydrodynamic and Hydroelectric Effects at the Water–Solid Interface: from Fundamentals to Applications

Song

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Electrohydrodynamic and hydroelectric effects at the water–solid interface are of fundamental importance and also underpin many important applications ranging from the controlled liquid transport by applying an external electric field to the power generation from moving liquid. Also, recent advances in micro/nanofabrication and nanomaterials provide additional dimension and flexibility in controlling electrohydrodynamic and hydroelectric effects at the water–solid interface to achieve preferred functions. Despite extensive progress, the cohesive and unified review of these two largely opposite effects is currently lacking. This review first discusses the important common foundations underpinning these two effects such as contact electrification and electric double layer (EDL), then takes a parallel approach to elaborate the electrohydrodynamic processes such as electrically induced liquid flow, wetting, and droplet motion, as well as the hydroelectricity resulting from their opposite processes. The practical applications and the unsolved challenges related to these two interfacial effects are also highlighted.

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Power Generation from Concentration Gradient by Reverse Electrodialysis in Dense Silica Membranes for Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

Analysis of electrolyte transport through charged nanopores

Reconstruction of Soil Components into Multifunctional Freestanding Membranes

Electrohydrodynamic and Hydroelectric Effects at the Water–Solid Interface: from Fundamentals to Applications

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