“…Depending on the driving conditions, this configuration allows for various operating modes such as pure electric mode, series hybrid mode, and parallel hybrid mode according to power distribution [9,13,17,20,[24][25][26]. It offers advantages such as improved fuel efficiency, performance, and reduced emissions by providing more flexibility in power management and optimization under different driving conditions [14,[27][28][29]. Depending on the driving conditions, this configuration allows for various operating modes such as pure electric mode, series hybrid mode, and parallel hybrid mode according to power distribution [9,13,17,20,[24][25][26].…”