Power management control strategy for hybrid energy storage system in a grid‐independent hybrid renewable energy system: a hardware‐in‐loop real‐time verification

Abstract

This study proposes a novel control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), as a part of the gridindependent hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) which comprises diverse renewable energy resources and HESScombination of battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS). The proposed control strategy is implemented into two parts: in the first part, HESS controller is designed and implemented to maintain the active power balance among different constituents of HRES and regulate DC-link voltage (V DC) under surplus power mode and deficit power mode. The low-frequency components of imbalance power are diverted to BESS while the high-frequency components are diverted to SCESS while maintaining the state of charge (SoC) constraints of HESS thereby reducing stress on BESS. In the second part, inverter controller is designed and implemented to maintain AC voltage and frequency within limits in the events of perturbation. The proposed HESS along with its novel control strategy, as implemented in the HRES, is a new proposition in this study. The detailed model of HRES is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results prove the efficacy of the control strategy. Further, hardware-in-loop real-time simulation studies using OPAL-RT real-time simulator demonstrate the feasibility of hardware implementation of HRES with the proposed control strategy.

Energy management strategy with two degrees of freedom for hybrid energy storage systems in islanded DC microgrids

“…Therefore, compared with [18, 24] where the SC will be idle when the SOC SC is out of the safe range, this control mode provides faster SOC recovery for the SC to get ready for the next charge or discharge.…”

“…In [18], the authors propose an EMS for a grid‐independent hybrid renewable energy system, which realises power‐sharing between the battery and the SC, meets the SOC limits of the HESS and regulates DC‐link voltage, three‐phase AC voltage, and frequency on the AC side. Nevertheless, when the battery approaches its SOC constraints, its current will be forced to zero sharply, which leads to considerable current stress and accordingly reduces the battery cycle life.…”

Control strategies of photovoltaic systems

“…Las estrategias de control para la etapa dc-ac aplicados en los sistemas fotovoltaicos son: control PI en coordenadas dq [71], [72], control PR [60], control predictivo [73], [74] y control en modo deslizante [75]. Finalmente, cabe mencionar que el algoritmo MPPT es implementado en un convertidor dc-dc para un sistema fotovoltaico de dos etapas, en cambio para un sistema fotovoltaico de una etapa, el algoritmo MPPT se implementa en el convertidor dc-ac.…”

Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy-Based Power Generation for Stability and Power Quality Enhancement in Smart Grid

“…A self-control approach of charge control was built with BSS at different levels. The utilization of reactive power (Q) limiters to increase the dynamic stability of the gridconnected wind-photovoltaic HPGS throughout the DC-link has been demonstrated in the study by Krishan and Suhag (2020).To stabilize the power, super capacitors (SC) were deployed in a hybrid microgrid system (Ponnuru et al, 2021). It should be taken into consideration that nearly all the suggested control FIGURE 1 | Schematic block illustration of the grid-connected HPGS through inverter's topology.…”