Power Modulation of Photovoltaic Generator for Frequency Control of Power System

Kakimoto, Naoto; Takayama, Satoshi; Satoh, Hiroyuki; Nakamura, Kōichi

doi:10.1109/tec.2009.2026616

Cited by 97 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Besides, energy storage devices can also be incorporated into renewable generation systems to mitigate their output power fluctuations and power system frequency deviations. In [4] and [5], supercapacitors were used to smooth the power output and improve the frequency regulation of DFIG-based wind power and PV generation, respectively. Even though the adoption of energy storage allows fast response (milliseconds) to frequency events, it may also bring in other concerns, e.g., low round-trip efficiency, limited lifecycle, safety, and noises.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Power System Virtual Inertia Implemented by Grid-Connected Power Converters

Fang

Tang

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

426

271

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Renewable energy sources (RESs), e.g., wind and solar photovoltaics, have been increasingly used to meet worldwide growing energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, RESs are normally coupled to the power grid through fast-response power converters without any inertia, leading to decreased power system inertia. As a result, the grid frequency may easily go beyond the acceptable range under severe frequency events, resulting in undesirable load-shedding, cascading failures, or even large-scale blackouts. To address the ever-decreasing inertia issue, this paper proposes the concept of distributed power system virtual inertia, which can be implemented by grid-connected power converters. Without modifications of system hardware, power system inertia can be emulated by the energy stored in the dc-link capacitors of grid-connected power converters. By regulating the dc-link voltages in proportional to the grid frequency, the dc-link capacitors are aggregated into an extremely large equivalent capacitor serving as an energy buffer for frequency support. Furthermore, the limitation of virtual inertia, together with its design parameters, is identified. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed concept is validated through simulation and experimental results, which indicate that 12.5% and 50% improvements of the frequency nadir and rate of change of frequency can be achieved. Index Terms-Frequency regulation, power converter, power system, renewable energy source (RES), virtual inertia. I. INTRODUCTION I NCREASING demands for the reduction of carbon footprint necessitate the large-scale integration of renewable energy, leading to a dramatic change of modern power systems. In particular, power system inertia provided by the rotating masses of synchronous generators continues to decrease. The reason is that renewable energy sources (RESs), e.g., wind and solar Manuscript

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Power System Virtual Inertia Implemented by Grid-Connected Power Converters

Fang

Tang

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

426

271

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The minimax output-feedback controller designed in this paper minimizes the cost in equation (12) subject to the bounds in equation (11) …”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [11] present a frequency control for smoothing the PV power output fluctuation using fuzzy logic control. Another droop control approach for frequency control using a capacitor is discussed in [12]. Most of these approaches use centralized control techniques, which need the global transmission of signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems

et al. 2012

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This paper proposes a decentralized control strategy for higher penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units without violating system operating constraints. A systematic procedure is developed and a robust controller is designed to ensure both dynamic voltage and transient stability for a specific PV integration level. The change in the model due to the volatile nature of PV generations is considered as an uncertain term in the design algorithm. Simultaneous output-feedback linear quadratic controllers are designed for PV generators. This designed control scheme is robust with respect to intermittency and enhances the integration level in a sub-transmission and distributed system. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified on a 43-bus industrial meshed distribution system under large disturbances. It is found that the designed control scheme enhances stability and increases the renewable integration levels.

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“…Since the active output is not controllable, the traditional VSG control strategy cannot be directly used in PV systems. Existing related research in joining the ESSs to the DC or AC side of the PV system [11,12] can effectively solve the above problems. By controlling the charging and discharging of ESSs, the effect of controlling PM output can be simulated in a short time, but it will be affected by the physical constraints of the ESSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Technology Without Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2019

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Photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator (PV-VSG) technology, by way of simulating the external characteristics of a synchronous generator (SG), gives the PV energy integrated into the power grid through the power electronic equipment the characteristics of inertial response and active frequency response (FR)—this attracts much attention. Due to the high volatility and low adjustability of PV energy output, it does not have the characteristics of a prime mover (PM), so it must be equipped with energy storage systems (ESSs) in the DC or AC side to realize the PV-VSG technology. However, excessive reliance on ESSs will inevitably affect the application of VSG technology in practical PV power plants (PV-PPs). In view of this, this paper proposes the PV power reserve control type VSG (PV-PRC-VSG) control strategy. By reducing the active power output of part of the PV-PPs, the internal PV-PPs can maintain a part of the active power up/down-regulation ability in real time, instead of relying on external ESSs. By adjusting the active reserve power of this part, the output of the PV-PPs can be controlled within a certain range, and the PV-PPs can better simulate the PM characteristics and realize the FR of the grid by combining the VSG technology. At the same time, the factors affecting the reserve ratio are analyzed, and the position of the voltage operating point in PRC mode is deduced. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective and correct.

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Power Modulation of Photovoltaic Generator for Frequency Control of Power System

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

Distributed Power System Virtual Inertia Implemented by Grid-Connected Power Converters

Distributed Power System Virtual Inertia Implemented by Grid-Connected Power Converters

Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems

A Novel Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generator Control Technology Without Energy Storage Systems

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