Power Quality Disturbance Tracking Based on a Proprietary FPGA Sensor with GPS Synchronization

Abstract

The study of power quality (PQ) has gained relevance over the years due to the increase in non-linear loads connected to the grid. Therefore, it is important to study the propagation of power quality disturbances (PQDs) to determine the propagation points in the grid, and their source of generation. Some papers in the state of the art perform the analysis of punctual measurements of a limited number of PQDs, some of them using high-cost commercial equipment. The proposed method is based upon a developed proprietary system, composed of a data logger FPGA with GPS, that allows the performance of synchronized measurements merged with the full parameterized PQD model, allowing the detection and tracking of disturbances propagating through the grid using wavelet transform (WT), fast Fourier transform (FFT), Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), genetic algorithms (GAs), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Measurements have been performed in an industrial installation, detecting the propagation of three PQDs: impulsive transients propagated at two locations in the grid, voltage fluctuation, and harmonic content propagated to all the locations. The results obtained show that the low-cost system and the developed methodology allow the detection of several PQDs, and track their propagation within a grid with 100% accuracy.

Review on Power Quality Disturbances Detection, Classification, Optimization and Mitigation Techniques

“…Additionally, newer methods like Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), as presented in [40], have been explored. Other research focuses on optimizing HHT using techniques like genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), as demonstrated in [41]. [42] introduces a modified version of HHT, incorporating Reduced-Sample Empirical Mode Decomposition (RSEMD) for signal segmentation along with a novel CSWRVFLN classifier.…”

GPS-Based Network Synchronization of Wireless Sensors for Extracting Propagation of Disturbance on Structural Systems

“…As a result of this last situation, different synchronization techniques have been proposed to implement when obtaining sound measurements. Examples of such techniques are the Reference broadcast Synchronization (RBS) [ 31 ], Time Sync Protocol for sensor Network (TPSN) [ 32 ], Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP) [ 33 ], Pulse Per Second Sync (PPS) [ 34 , 35 ], Flooding with Clock Speed agreement (FCSA) [ 36 ], gradient time synchronization protocol (GTSP) [ 37 ], etc. Based on the study documented in [ 38 ], the existence of an error between pulses of approximately ±400 ns was found; however, it turns out to be the best synchronization method, since the wireless system can be easily implemented on it.…”