Power Quality Issues at the Grid Connection Point of HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms and Their Influence on the Production

Ferdinand, Robert; Melzer, Philipp; Monti, Antonello

doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571777

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These system challenges originate due to operational mode (standalone or grid connected) as well as structural and performance constraints by OWPP. Some of these PQ issues include flickers, harmonics, voltage fluctuations, voltage sag and swells [9]- [11]. In several works, it is reported to address the issues of PQ in OWPP using simulation studies [12], [13] as well as through hardware approaches [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Wind Farm-Grid Integration: A Review on Infrastructure, Challenges, and Grid Solutions

et al. 2021

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Recently, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into electrical power systems is witnessing a large attention due to their inexhaustibility, environmental benefits, storage capabilities, lower maintenance and stronger economy, etc. Among these RESs, offshore wind power plants (OWPP) are ones of the most widespread power plants that have emerged with regard to being competitive with other energy technologies. However, the application of power electronic converters (PECs), offshore transmission lines and large substation transformers result in considerable power quality (PQ) issues in grid connected OWPP. Moreover, due to the installation of filters for each OWPP, some other challenges such as voltage and frequency stability arise. In this regard, various customs power devices along with integration control methodologies have been implemented to deal with stated issues. Furthermore, for a smooth and reliable operation of the system, each country established various grid codes. Although various mitigation schemes and related standards for OWPP are documented separately, a comprehensive review covering these aspects has not yet addressed in the literature. The objective of this study is to compare and relate prior as well as latest developments on PQ and stability challenges and their solutions. Low voltage ride through (LVRT) schemes and associated grid codes prevalent for the interconnection of OWPP based power grid have been deliberated. In addition, various PQ issues and mitigation options such as FACTS based filters, DFIG based adaptive and conventional control algorithms, ESS based methods and LVRT requirements have been summarized and compared. Finally, recommendations and future trends for PQ improvement are highlighted at the end.INDEX TERMS Frequency control, Grid codes, harmonics, LVRT, offshore wind energy, power quality, stability, voltage control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Wind Farm-Grid Integration: A Review on Infrastructure, Challenges, and Grid Solutions

et al. 2021

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“…Electrical transients caused by transformer energization, appear more significant than in the onshore grid [1]. Previous works [2], [3] show that transformer energization is one of the events that affects the most the point of common coupling (PCC). The transformer inrush phenomenon, which is also addressed by an extensive literature, has multiple and serious implications for the wind farm operator (WFO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) Violation of the 2% voltage dip criterion, stated in the grid code of the German transmission system operator (TSO), responsible for the HVDC links in Germany: "Switchingrelated voltage changes at the grid connection point must not exceed 2% in the entire operating range of the generating plant" [4]. Additionally, power quality thresholds may be violated as demonstrated in [3], [5]- [6]. Both violation types may cause the loss of the feed-in authorization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export Transformer Switching Transient Mitigation in HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms

Ferdinand

Monti

2020

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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An increasing number of offshore wind farms are connected to the public grid with large-scale HVDC links. The electrical transients caused by the energization of the export transformers appear more significant in the converter-driven offshore AC grid with low short-circuit power, than in direct AC grid connections. This may lead to a violation of the 2% voltage dip criterion, thus seriously affecting the production of neighboring wind farms. Additionally, the transformer and the entire insulation system are exposed to mechanical and dielectric stress. This paper investigates the influence of three factors, namely excitation, switching angle, and remnant core magnetization, onto the inrush current. Electromagnetic transient simulations and field measurements show that with a smart use of the on load tap changer, point on wave switching, and a demagnetization of the core by a cable-shunt swing circuit, the three factors above can be used as degrees-of-freedom to effectively mitigate the inrush current phenomenon.

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Review and Prospects of Key Technologies for Integrated Systems in Hydrogen Production from Offshore Superconducting Wind Power

Shen,

Zhang,

Shan

et al. 2024

Energies

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Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources is a crucial pathway to achieving the carbon peak target and realizing the vision of carbon neutrality. The hydrogen production from offshore superconducting wind power (HPOSWP) integrated systems, as an innovative technology in the renewable energy hydrogen production field, holds significant market potential and promising development prospects. This integrated technology, based on research into high-temperature superconducting generator (HTSG) characteristics and electrolytic water hydrogen production (EWHP) technology, converts offshore wind energy (OWE) into hydrogen energy locally through electrolysis, with hydrogen storage being shipped and controlled liquid hydrogen (LH2) circulation ensuring a stable low-temperature environment for the HTSGs’ refrigeration system. However, due to the significant instability and intermittency of offshore wind power (OWP), this HPOSWP system can greatly affect the dynamic adaptability of the EWHP system, resulting in impure hydrogen production and compromising the safety of the LH2 cooling system, and reduce the fitness of the integrated system for wind electricity–hydrogen heat multi-field coupling. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental structure and characteristics of this integrated technology and further identifies the key challenges in its application, including the dynamic adaptability of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology, as well as the need for large-capacity, long-duration storage solutions. Additionally, this paper explores the future technological direction of this integrated system, highlighting the need to overcome the limitations of electrical energy adaptation within the system, improve product purity, and achieve large-scale applications.

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Power Quality Issues at the Grid Connection Point of HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms and Their Influence on the Production

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Offshore Wind Farm-Grid Integration: A Review on Infrastructure, Challenges, and Grid Solutions

Offshore Wind Farm-Grid Integration: A Review on Infrastructure, Challenges, and Grid Solutions

Export Transformer Switching Transient Mitigation in HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms

Review and Prospects of Key Technologies for Integrated Systems in Hydrogen Production from Offshore Superconducting Wind Power

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