Power Spectral Density of the Electroencephalogram During Halothane and Cyclopropane Anesthesia in Man

Findeiss, J. C.; Kien, Gerald A.; Huse, K.; Linde, Harry W.

doi:10.1213/00000539-196911000-00027

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…7 Linde and colleagues used the spectrum—the decomposition of the electroencephalogram signal into the power in its frequency components—to show that under general anesthesia the electroencephalogram was organized into distinct oscillations at particular frequencies. 8,9 Bickford and colleagues introduced the compressed spectral array or spectrogram to display the electroencephalogram activity of anesthetized patients over time as a three-dimensional plot (power by frequency versus time). 10,11 Fleming and Smith devised the density-modulated or density spectral array, the two-dimensional plot of the spectrogram for this same purpose.…”

Section: The Electroencephalogram and Brain Monitoring Under General mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists

et al. 2015

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The widely used electroencephalogram-based indices for depth-of-anesthesia monitoring assume that the same index value defines the same level of unconsciousness for all anesthetics. In contrast, we show that different anesthetics act at different molecular targets and neural circuits to produce distinct brain states that are readily visible in the electroencephalogram. We present a two-part review to educate anesthesiologists on use of the unprocessed electroencephalogram and its spectrogram to track the brain states of patients receiving anesthesia care. Here in Part I, we review the biophysics of the electroencephalogram, and the neurophysiology of the electroencephalogram signatures of three intravenous anesthetics: propofol, dexmedetomidine and ketamine; and four inhaled anesthetics: sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane and nitrous oxide. Later in Part II, we discuss patient management using these electroencephalogram signatures. Use of these electroencephalogram signatures suggests a neurophysiologically-based paradigm for brain-state monitoring of patients receiving anesthesia care.

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Section: The Electroencephalogram and Brain Monitoring Under General mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists

et al. 2015

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“…4). This might suggest the use of some other EEG parameter such as the frequency of the peak of the power spectrum (Findeiss et al 1969) or the average frequency, as in a study of the EEG frequency response to thiopental (Schwartz et al 1971), or a coefficient of frequency shift, as we have used in another study (Kamp et al 1971). Indeed we also found shifts in the dominant frequencies of the EEG spectrum, as reported in Results.…”

Section: Relation Between Eeg Changes and Other Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies concerning EEG changes during Halothane anaesthesia have been restricted to qualitative descriptions, for example those of Backman et al (1964) and Barry Prynn and Redding (1968). Findeiss et al (1969) suggested that frequency analysis was a useful method to establish quantitative relations between Halothane concentration and the EEG. However, in their studies the relationship between Halothane concentration and EEG spectrum was investigated in a static way, i.e., the EEG spectrum was determined at steady concentrations of Halothane.…”

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Spectral analysis of the EEG during halothane anaesthesia: Input-output relations

Silva

Smith

Zwart

et al. 1972

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

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This study was performed to extract parameters from the EEG which would give quantitative information about brain function during Halothane anaesthesia. Most studies concerning EEG changes during Halothane anaesthesia have been restricted to qualitative descriptions, for example those of Backman et al. (1964) and Barry Prynn and Redding (1968). Findeiss et al. (1969) suggested that frequency analysis was a useful method to establish quantitative relations between Halothane concentration and the EEG. However, in their studies the relationship between Halothane concentration and EEG spectrum was investigated in a static way, i.e., the EEG spectrum was determined at steady concentrations of Halothane. In this study our aim was to determine the dynamics of the "Halothane-brain compartment" system, i.e., to measure the response of the system to changes of its input as a function of time. As output we used the EEG spectrum. The Halothane input was changed by step and sinusoidal functions. Determining the dynamics of the system has a practical interest because the feasibility of using the EEG in a monitoring system for Halothane anaesthesia depends to a large extent on knowledge of the system's time constants. The system was also investigated at steady concentrations of Halothane. The results obtained in this study are also being used to improve a model of the distribution of Halothane in the body, which was reported by Zwart et al. (1972).

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“…Their results appeared to show that this fast rhythm does not change with deepening anaesthesia; however, this finding has not been confirmed by later investigators. Some years later it was shown that increased halothane concentrations decrease the fast rhythm of the EEG (3,4). In dogs, halothane produces a typical halothane band in the compressed spectral array (CSA) of the EEG; this band occurs in the beta range of the EEG, and its frequency varies along with rapid changes in halothane concentrations (5,6).…”

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EEG spectral power during halothane anaesthesia. A comparison of spectral bands in the monitoring of anaesthesia level

Yli‐Hankala¹,

Eskola²,

Kaukinen³

1989

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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The EEG of ten elective abdominal surgery patients was studied during halothane anaesthesia. The EEG was analysed by compressed spectral array. The total power and various power bands were analysed. Anaesthesia was induced by mask with halothane in air. EEG analysis was performed from the data collected before induction and during anaesthesia at steady states of 1 MAC, 1.5 MAC, and 2 MAC. The correlation between deepening anaesthesia and power values was strongest in the 10-14 Hz band power and in the 18-32 Hz band power. This study confirms the usefulness of high frequency power in estimating the effect of halothane in patients.

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Power Spectral Density of the Electroencephalogram During Halothane and Cyclopropane Anesthesia in Man

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists

Spectral analysis of the EEG during halothane anaesthesia: Input-output relations

EEG spectral power during halothane anaesthesia. A comparison of spectral bands in the monitoring of anaesthesia level

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