Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability: a tool to explore neural regulatory mechanisms.

Malliani, Alberto; Lombardi, Federico; Pagani, Massimo

doi:10.1136/hrt.71.1.1

Cited by 435 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A further limitation is that it was not recorded whether participants were taking any medications that can affect HRV (30). Respiratory rate was not recorded, and this can affect R-R intervals (30) and the HF recordings (31,32). It would be beneficial in future studies measuring HRV to record respiratory rate and medication so that these factors can be controlled for in analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac autonomic regulation as a predictor for childhood obesity intervention success

et al. 2017

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Childhood obesity is a major public health concern; behavioural interventions induce weight reduction in some, but success is variable. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with impulse control and extent of dieting success. This study investigated the relationship between HRV and post childhood obesity intervention weight-management success, and involved recording the frequency-domain HRV measures LF/HF and HF, and the time-domain measure PNN50. It was expected that greater LF/HF and lower HF would be associated with greater post-intervention weight gain, and that greater PNN50 would be associated with greater impulse control. Seventy-four participants aged 9-14 (M 10.7, SD 1.1) attended a weight-management camp, where HRV was recorded. Stop signal reaction time (SSRT) was also recorded as a measure of impulse control. As expected, SSRT was positively associated with pre-intervention body mass (r = .301, p = .010) and negatively associated with PNN50 (Beta = .29, p = .031). Post-intervention body mass change was positively associated with LF/HF (Beta = .34, p = .037), but was not associated with HF. Lifestyle interventions may have a greater chance of effectively supporting long-term weight-management for children with lower LF/HF; assessing HRV of obese children may be helpful in informing obesity treatment decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac autonomic regulation as a predictor for childhood obesity intervention success

et al. 2017

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“…Since the HF of HRV is a good index of vagal activity, the LF of HRV is considered as a marker of sympathetic activity and the LF/HF ratio is considered to reflect sympatho-vagal balance. 5 These findings indicate that biofeedback training could reduce sympathetic tone, enhance vagal tone and shift the autonomic interaction towards vagal dominance. Since elevated sympathetic tone is an important factor in forming hypertension, 10 all of these autonomic responses will be beneficial to reduce BP.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, in this study we determined the effect of relaxation-assisted electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on prehypertension. We also assessed the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) (reflecting the sympatho-vagal interaction 5 ) and electroencephalogram (EEG) approximate entropy (ApEn) (reflecting the complexity of a series of data 6 ) to investigate the functional changes of autonomic nerve and brain activity during biofeedback training and supply some experimental data to elucidate the neural mechanism by which biofeedback regulates BP (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2 and Supplementary Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofeedback treatment of prehypertension: analyses of efficacy, heart rate variability and EEG approximate entropy

Gao

Ling

et al. 2007

J Hum Hypertens

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“…LFP is a more controversial component considered to represent the sympathetic nervous system, or a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 5,7 The LFP over HFP ratio (LF/HF-ratio) is suggested to reflect the global sympathovagal balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of autonomic function after acute spinal cord injury using heart rate variability analyses

et al. 2014

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Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in severe dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. C1-C8 SCI affects the supraspinal control to the heart, T1-T5 SCI affects the spinal sympathetic outflow to the heart, and T6-T12 SCI leaves sympathetic control to the heart intact. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis can serve as a surrogate measure of autonomic regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in HRV patterns and alterations in patients with acute traumatic SCI. Methods: As soon as possible after SCI patients who met the inclusion criteria had 24 h Holter monitoring of their cardiac rhythm, additional Holter monitoring were performed 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after SCI. Results: Fifty SCI patients were included. A significant increase in standard deviation of the average normal-to-normal (SDANN) sinus intervals was seen in the first month after injury (P = 0.008). The increase was only significant in C1-T5 incomplete patients and in patients who did not experience one or more episodes of cardiac arrest. Significant lower values of Low Frequency Power, Total Power and the Low Frequency over High Frequency ratio were seen in the C1-T5 SCI patients compared with T6-T12 SCI patients. Conclusions: The rise in SDANN in the incomplete C1-T5 patients could be due to spontaneous functional recovery caused by synaptic plasticity or remodelling of damaged axons. That the autonomic nervous system function differs between C1-C8, T1-T5 and T6-T12 patients suggest that the sympathovagal balance in both the C1-C8 and T1-T5 SCI patients has yet to be reached. INTRODUCTIONSpinal cord injury (SCI) patients with tetraplegia and high level paraplegia are known to suffer from dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including the autonomic regulation of the heart. 1 The severity and the neurological level of the SCI have major impact on ANS function. 2 Patients with SCI above T1 often have intact efferent vagal and sympathetic neural pathways innervating the heart. However, they are deprived of the supraspinal control causing reduced sympathetic activity below the level of SCI. Furthermore, the loss of supraspinal control causes morphological changes in sympathetic preganglionic neurons and peripheral alpha-adrenoceptor hyperresponsiveness. 1 Patients with T1-T5 SCI lose cardiac sympathetic preganglionic neurons as the injury occurs corresponding to the sympathetic outflow to the heart, and likewise the postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the heart undergoes plastic changes. 3 Individuals with SCI at T6 and below have intact cardiac spinal sympathetic neurons and intact innervation of the heart.In tetraplegic individuals with complete lesions, the disconnection of the spinal sympathetic neurons from cerebral control represents a unique possibility for analysis of the sympathetic influence on the heart rate (HR) variability (HRV).

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Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability: a tool to explore neural regulatory mechanisms.

Cited by 435 publications

References 7 publications

Cardiac autonomic regulation as a predictor for childhood obesity intervention success

Cardiac autonomic regulation as a predictor for childhood obesity intervention success

Biofeedback treatment of prehypertension: analyses of efficacy, heart rate variability and EEG approximate entropy

Assessment of autonomic function after acute spinal cord injury using heart rate variability analyses

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